Ko te ao hou o te umanga motuka hiko hou e pikau ana i ngā mahi takirua o te whakawhiti ahumahi me te whakapai ake me te tiaki i te taiao hau, e tino akiaki ana i te whanaketanga ahumahi o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei me ētahi atu taputapu e pā ana ki ngā waka hiko, ā, kua whakangaohia e ngā kaihanga taura me ngā whakahaere tiwhikete he nui te kaha ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā taura ngaohiko teitei mō ngā waka hiko. He nui ngā whakaritenga mahi a ngā taura ngaohiko teitei mō ngā waka hiko i ngā āhuatanga katoa, ā, me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga paerewa RoHSb, te paerewa ātete mura UL94V-0 me te mahi ngawari. Ka whakaatuhia e tēnei pepa ngā rauemi me te hangarau whakarite o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei mō ngā waka hiko.
1. Ko te rauemi o te taura ngaohiko teitei
(1) Rauemi arataki o te taura
I tēnei wā, e rua ngā rauemi matua o te paparanga arataki taura: te parahi me te konumohe. E whakaaro ana ētahi kamupene ka taea e te matua konumohe te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa mā te tāpiri i te parahi, te rino, te konupora, te silicon me ētahi atu huānga i runga i ngā rauemi konumohe parakore, mā roto i ngā tukanga motuhake pēnei i te hanga me te maimoatanga whakamahana, hei whakapai ake i te kawe hiko, te mahi piko me te ātete waikura o te taura, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te kaha kawenga kotahi, kia rite ai te hua ki ngā arataki matua parahi, kia pai ake rānei. Nō reira, ka nui te penapena i ngā utu whakaputa. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā umanga kei te whakaaro tonu ki te parahi hei rauemi matua o te paparanga arataki, tuatahi, he iti te ātete o te parahi, ā, ko te nuinga o te mahi parahi he pai ake i te konumohe i te taumata kotahi, pēnei i te kaha kawe iahiko nui, te ngaronga ngaohiko iti, te iti o te kai pūngao me te pono kaha. I tēnei wā, ko te kōwhiringa o ngā arataki e whakamahi ana i te paerewa ā-motu 6 ngā arataki ngohengohe (me neke atu i te 25% te roa o te waea parahi kotahi, me iti iho i te 0.30 te diameter o te monofilament) hei whakarite i te ngawari me te pakari o te monofilament parahi. Kei roto i te Ripanga 1 ngā paerewa me tutuki mō ngā rauemi ara iahiko parahi e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
(2) Ngā rauemi paparanga ārai o ngā taura
He uaua te taiao o roto o ngā waka hiko, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rauemi whakamahana, i tētahi taha, kia haumaru te whakamahinga o te paparanga whakamahana, i tētahi atu taha, kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi ngāwari ki te tukatuka me te whakamahi whānuitia. I tēnei wā, ko ngā rauemi whakamahana e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE), te rapa silicone, te elastomer thermoplastic (TPE), me ētahi atu, me ō rātou āhuatanga matua e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 2.
I roto i ēnei, kei roto i te PVC te mata, engari e aukati ana te RoHS Directive i te whakamahinga o te mata, te mercury, te cadmium, te hexvalent chromium, te polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) me te polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) me ētahi atu matū kino, nō reira i ngā tau tata nei kua whakakapia te PVC e te XLPE, te rapa silicone, te TPE me ētahi atu rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao.
(3) Rauemi paparanga ārai taura
E rua ngā wāhanga o te paparanga ārai: te paparanga ārai haurua-arataki me te paparanga ārai whiri. Ko te ātete rōrahi o te rauemi ārai haurua-arataki i te 20°C me te 90°C me muri i te koroheketanga he tohu hangarau nui hei ine i te rauemi ārai, e whakatau ā-kore ana i te roa o te mahi o te taura ngaohiko teitei. Ko ngā rauemi ārai haurua-arataki noa ko te rapa ethylene-propylene (EPR), te polyvinyl chloride (PVC), mepolyethylene (PE)ngā rauemi e hangai ana. Mēnā kāore he painga o te rauemi mata, ā, kāore e taea te whakapai ake i te taumata kounga i roto i te wā poto, ka arotahi ngā whare rangahau pūtaiao me ngā kaihanga rauemi taura ki te rangahau i te hangarau tukatuka me te ōwehenga tauira o te rauemi whakamarumaru, ā, ka rapu auaha i roto i te ōwehenga hanganga o te rauemi whakamarumaru hei whakapai ake i te mahi whānui o te taura.
2. Tukanga whakarite taura ngaohiko teitei
(1) Hangarau aho arataki
Kua roa te whanaketanga o te tukanga taketake o te taura, nō reira kei reira anō ā rātou ake whakaritenga paerewa i roto i te ahumahi me ngā umanga. I roto i te tukanga o te kukume waea, e ai ki te aratau wetewete o te waea kotahi, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taputapu taura ki te mīhini wetewete taura, te mīhini wetewete taura me te mīhini wetewete/wetewete taura. Nā te pāmahana tioata teitei o te arataki parahi, he roa ake te pāmahana me te wā whakamahana, he tika te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mīhini wetewete taura hei kawe i te kukume tonu me te kukume tonu i te waea kotahi hei whakapai ake i te roa me te tere whati o te kukume waea. I tēnei wā, kua whakakapia katoatia te taura polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE) i te taura pepa hinu i waenga i ngā taumata ngaohiko 1 me te 500kV. E rua ngā tukanga hanga arataki noa mō ngā arataki XLPE: te whakakī porowhita me te takai waea. I tetahi taha, ka taea e te matua waea te karo i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei i roto i te paipa hono-whiti kia pēhia ai tana rauemi tiaki me te rauemi whakamarumaru ki roto i te āputa waea kua herea, ka puta he para; I tētahi atu taha, ka taea hoki e ia te ārai i te urunga o te wai i te taha o te ara iahiko kia pai ai te mahi haumaru o te taura. Ko te ara iahiko parahi he hanganga miro porowhita, e hangaia ana e te mīhini miro anga noa, te mīhini miro marau, me ētahi atu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tukanga whakakī porowhita, ka taea e ia te whakarite kia porowhita te miro ara iahiko.
(2) Te tukanga whakaputa whakamarumaru taura XLPE
Mō te hanga taura XLPE ngaohiko teitei, ko te hononga-maroke catenary (CCV) me te hononga-maroke poutū (VCV) ngā tukanga hanga e rua.
(3) Te tukanga whakaputa
I mua, i whakamahia e ngā kaihanga taura he tukanga whakaputa tuarua hei whakaputa i te matua whakamahana taura, ko te taahiraa tuatahi i te wā kotahi ko te parenga arataki whakaputa me te paparanga whakamahana, kātahi ka honoa ka takai ki te paepae taura, ka whakatakotoria mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka puta he parenga whakamahana whakaputa. I ngā tau 1970, i puta he tukanga whakaputa paparanga-toru 1+2 i roto i te matua waea whakamahana, ka taea ai te whakaoti i te parenga ā-roto me te ā-waho me te whakamahana i roto i te tukanga kotahi. Ka whakaputa tuatahi te tukanga i te parenga arataki, i muri i te tawhiti poto (2~5m), kātahi ka whakaputa i te whakamahana me te parenga whakamahana i runga i te parenga arataki i te wā kotahi. Heoi, he nui ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tikanga tuatahi e rua, nō reira i te mutunga o ngā tau 1990, i whakauruhia e ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu hanga taura he tukanga whakaputa whakaputa paparanga-toru, e whakaputa ana i te parenga arataki, te whakamahana me te parenga whakamahana i te wā kotahi. I ētahi tau kua pahure ake nei, i whakarewahia e ngā whenua o tāwāhi tētahi hoahoa hou mō te pane oko extruder me te pereti mata piko, mā te whakataurite i te pēhanga rere o te kōhao o te pane tīwiri hei whakaiti i te kohikohinga o ngā rauemi, hei whakaroa i te wā whakaputa tonu, ā, mā te whakakapi i te huringa tonu o ngā whakatakotoranga o te hoahoa pane ka taea hoki te penapena nui i ngā utu wā kore mahi me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.
3. Whakamutunga
He pai ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga mō ngā waka hiko hou, ā, he nui te mākete, me whai raupapa hua taura ngaohiko teitei me te kaha kawenga teitei, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te pānga tiaki hikohiko, te ātete piko, te ngāwari, te roa o te ora mahi me ētahi atu mahi pai hei whakauru ki te hanga me te noho i te mākete. He whānui ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga mō ngā rauemi taura ngaohiko teitei o te waka hiko me tana tukanga whakarite. Kāore e taea e te waka hiko te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa me te whakarite i te whakamahinga haumaru me te kore he taura ngaohiko teitei.
Wā tuku: 23 o Ākuhata-2024