I te wā e tāuta ana, e whakamahia ana rānei te taura, ka pakaru i te ahotea ā-mīhini, ka roa rānei te whakamahinga o te taura i roto i te taiao makuku me te wai, ka uru mārire te wai o waho ki roto i te taura. I raro i te mahi a te papa hiko, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te whakaputanga o te rākau wai ki runga i te mata whakamahana taura. Ka pakaru te whakamahana i te rākau wai i hangaia e te hikohiko, ka whakaiti i te mahi whakamahana whānui o te taura, ā, ka pā ki te roa o te mahi a te taura. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakamahi i ngā taura ātete wai.
Ko te ārai wai o te taura e aro nui ana ki te turuturu o te wai i te ahunga o te ara iahiko taura me te ahunga porowhita o te taura mā roto i te uhi taura. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i te hanganga ārai wai porowhita me te hanganga ārai wai roa o te taura.
1. Taura ātete-wai
Ko te kaupapa matua o te ārai wai ā-pūtau ko te aukati i te rere o te wai o waho e karapoti ana ki roto i te taura i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ko ngā kōwhiringa o te hanganga ārai wai e whai ake nei.
1.1 Te hipoki polyethylene ātete-wai
Ko te ārai wai o te uhi polyethylene e pā ana ki ngā whakaritenga whānui o te ārai wai. Mō ngā taura e rumakina ana ki te wai mō te wā roa, me whakapai ake te mahi ārai wai o ngā taura hiko ārai wai kua hipokina ki te polyethylene.
1.2 Te pūtu whakarewa ātete wai
Ko te hanganga ātete-ā-ira o ngā taura ngaohiko-iti me te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 0.6kV/1kV me runga ake ka kitea whānuitia mā roto i te paparanga tiaki o waho me te takai roa o roto o te whitiki hiato konumohe-kirihou taha-rua. Ko ngā taura ngaohiko waenga me te ngaohiko whakatauranga 3.6kV/6kV me runga ake ka ātete-ā-ira i raro i te mahi tahi a te whitiki hiato konumohe-kirihou me te ngongo ātete haurua-arataki. Ka taea te ātete-ā-ira i ngā taura ngaohiko teitei me ngā taumata ngaohiko teitei me ngā hipoki whakarewa pēnei i ngā hipoki mata, i ngā hipoki konumohe kōpikopiko rānei.
Ko te hipoki whānui mō te ārai wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te awaawa taura, te wai i raro i te whenua i tanumia tika me ētahi atu wāhi.
2. Taura ārai-ātete poutū
Ka taea te whakaaro ko te ātete wai roa te mea e ārai ana i te wai o te taura me te whakamarumaru. Ina pakaru te paparanga tiaki o waho o te taura nā ngā kaha o waho, ka uru poutū te makuku, te makuku rānei e karapoti ana i te taha o te taura me te ahunga whakamarumaru. Hei karo i te kino o te makuku, te makuku rānei ki te taura, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ēnei tikanga hei tiaki i te taura.
(1)Rīpene aukati wai
Ka tāpirihia he rohe whānui ātete-wai i waenganui i te matua waea kua whakamahanatia me te rīpene hiato konumohe-kirihou. Ka takaihia te rīpene ārai-wai ki te matua waea kua whakamahanatia, ki te matua taura rānei, ā, ko te tere takai me te taupoki he 25%. Ka whānui te rīpene ārai-wai ina tūtaki ki te wai, ka whakanui ake i te piri i waenganui i te rīpene ārai-wai me te uhi taura, kia tutuki ai te pānga ārai-wai.
(2)Rīpene ārai wai haurua-arahi
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arahi i roto i te taura ngaohiko reo, mā te takai i te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arahi ki te paparanga ārai whakarewa, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te ātete wai roa o te taura. Ahakoa kua pai ake te pānga ārai wai o te taura, ka piki ake te diameter o waho o te taura i muri i te takai o te taura ki te rīpene ārai wai.
(3) Te whakakī e ārai ana i te wai
Ko ngā rauemi whakakī e ārai ana i te wai he mea noa ihomiro ārai-wai(taura) me te paura ārai-wai. Ko te paura ārai-wai te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei ārai i te wai i waenga i ngā matua o te ara iahiko kua mirohia. Ina uaua te tāpiri i te paura ārai-wai ki te monofilament ara iahiko, ka taea te tāpiri i te piripiri wai pai ki waho o te monofilament ara iahiko, ā, ka taea te takai i te paura ārai-wai ki waho o te ara iahiko. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana te miro ārai-wai (taura) hei whakakī i ngā āputa i waenga i ngā taura matua-toru pēhanga-waenga.
3 Hanganga whānui o te ātete wai o te taura
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga me ngā whakaritenga rerekē, kei roto i te hanganga ātete wai o te taura he hanganga ārai wai radial, he hanganga ātete wai roa (tae atu ki te radial) me te hanganga ātete wai whānui. Hei tauira, ko te hanganga ārai wai o te taura ngaohiko reo matua-toru.
3.1 Hanganga ātete-ārai o te taura ngaohiko reo matua-toru
Ko te ārai wai i roto i te taura ngaohiko reo matua-toru te tikanga he rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki me te rīpene konumohe pania kirihou-rua-taha hei whakatutuki i te mahi ātete wai. Ko tōna hanganga whānui ko: te arataki, te paparanga tiaki arataki, te whakamarumaru, te paparanga tiaki whakamarumaru, te paparanga tiaki whakarewa (rīpene parahi, waea parahi rānei), te whakakī noa, te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki, te rīpene konumohe pania kirihou-rua-taha mōkihi roa, me te anga o waho.
3.2 Hanganga ātete wai roa taura ngaohiko reo-toru-matua
Ka whakamahia hoki e te taura ngaohiko reo matua-toru he rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki me te rīpene konumohe pania kirihou-rua-taha hei whakatutuki i te mahi ātete wai. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia te taura ārai wai hei whakakī i te āputa i waenga i ngā taura matua e toru. Ko tōna hanganga whānui ko: te arataki, te paparanga ārai arataki, te whakamarumaru, te paparanga ārai whakamarumaru, te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki, te paparanga ārai whakarewa (rīpene parahi, waea parahi rānei), te whakakī taura ārai wai, te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki, me te uhi o waho.
3.3 He taura ngaohiko reo matua-toru, ātete wai whānui
Ko te hanganga ārai wai whānui o te taura e hiahia ana kia whai pānga ārai wai hoki te kaiārahi, ā, me hono atu ki ngā whakaritenga o te ārai wai ā-rohe me te ārai wai roa, kia tutuki ai te ārai wai whānui. Ko tōna hanganga whānui ko: te kaiārahi ārai wai, te paparanga ārai kaiārahi, te whakamarumaru, te paparanga ārai whakamarumaru, te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki, te paparanga ārai whakarewa (rīpene parahi, waea parahi rānei), te whakakī taura ārai wai, te rīpene ārai wai haurua-arataki, te rīpene konumohe pania kirihou taha-rua mōkihi roa, te uhi o waho.
Ka taea te whakapai ake i te taura ārai-wai matua-toru ki ngā hanganga taura ārai-wai matua-kotahi e toru (he rite ki te hanganga taura ārai-wai matua-toru). Arā, ka hangaia tuatahitia ia matua taura kia rite ki te hanganga taura ārai-wai matua-kotahi, kātahi ka mirohia kia toru ngā taura motuhake mā roto i te taura hei whakakapi i te taura ārai-wai matua-toru. Mā tēnei, ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te ātete-wai o te taura anake, engari ka whakarato hoki i te whai wāhitanga mō te tukatuka taura me te tāutanga me te whakatakotoranga i muri mai.
4. Ngā whakatūpato mō te hanga hononga taura ārai-wai
(1) Kōwhiria te rauemi hononga e tika ana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā tauira o te taura hei whakarite i te kounga o te hononga taura.
(2) Kaua e whiriwhiri i ngā rā ua i te wā e hanga ana i ngā hononga taura e ārai ana i te wai. Nā te mea ka pā kino te wai o te taura ki te roa o te mahi, ā, ka puta pea ngā aituā ara iahiko poto i ngā wā kino.
(3) I mua i te hanga hononga taura ātete-wai, pānuihia marietia ngā tohutohu hua a te kaihanga.
(4) Ina pēhia te paipa parahi ki te hononga, kaua e tino mārō rawa, mena ka pēhia kia rite ki te tūranga. Me whakakōpapa te mata o te pito parahi i muri i te whakapiko, me te kore he kohao.
(5) Ina whakamahia he rama pupuhi hei hanga hononga whakaheke wera taura, kia tupato ki te neke whakamua me te neke whakamua o te rama pupuhi, kaua e neke noa i te taha kotahi me te pupuhi tonu.
(6) Me tino rite te rahi o te hononga taura whakaiti makariri ki ngā tohutohu tuhi, inā koa ka tangohia te tautoko i roto i te paipa kua rahuitia, me tino tupato.
(7) Mena e tika ana, ka taea te whakamahi i te hiri i ngā hononga taura hei hiri me te whakapai ake i te kaha ā-wai o te taura.
Wā tuku: 28 o Ākuhata-2024