Ka pā tika te mahi a ngā rauemi whakamahana ki te kounga, te pai o te tukatuka me te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o ngā waea me ngā taura. Ka pā tika te mahi a ngā rauemi whakamahana ki te kounga, te pai o te tukatuka me te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o ngā waea me ngā taura.
1. Ngā waea me ngā taura PVC polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride (e kiia nei i muri nei koPVC) he ranunga ngā rauemi ārai he mea tāpiri ngā mea whakau, ngā mea hanga kirihou, ngā mea ārai mura, ngā mea whakahinuhinu me ētahi atu tāpiringa ki te paura PVC. E ai ki ngā tono rerekē me ngā whakaritenga āhuatanga o ngā waea me ngā taura, ka whakarerekētia te tātai kia rite. Whai muri i ngā tekau tau o te hanga me te tono, kua tino pakari te hangarau hanga me te tukatuka o te PVC. He whānui ngā tono o te rauemi ārai PVC i roto i te mara o ngā waea me ngā taura, ā, he āhuatanga motuhake ōna ake:
A. Kua pakari te hangarau hanga, he ngāwari ki te hanga me te tukatuka. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu momo rauemi whakamahana taura, ehara i te mea he iti noa te utu, engari ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te rerekētanga tae, te kanapa, te tā, te pai o te tukatuka, te ngawari me te pakeke o te mata waea, te piri o te kaiārahi, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga hiko o te waea tonu.
B. He tino pai te mahi ātete mura, nō reira ka taea e ngā waea PVC kua whakamahanatia te whakatutuki i ngā taumata ātete mura kua whakaritea e ngā paerewa maha.
C. Mō te ātete ki te pāmahana, mā te arotau me te whakapai ake i ngā tauira rauemi, ko ngā momo whakamarumaru PVC e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā ko ngā wāhanga e toru e whai ake nei:
Mō te ngaohiko whakatauranga, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā taumata ngaohiko kua whakataurangahia ki te 1000V AC me raro iho, ā, ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā taputapu whare, ngā taputapu me ngā mita, te rama, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatunga.
He ngoikoretanga anō hoki tō te PVC e whakawhāiti ana i tōna whakamahinga:
A. Nā te nui o te haukini i roto, ka tukuna he nui te paoa matotoru ina tahuna, ka mate pea te manawa, ka pāngia te tirohanga, ka puta hoki ētahi matū whakaputa mate pukupuku me te hau HCl, ka kino rawa atu ki te taiao. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga rauemi whakamahana halogen kore-paowa, kua noho te whakakapinga āta i te whakamahana PVC hei ia o te whanaketanga o ngā taura.
B. He iti te ātete o te whakamarumaru PVC noa ki ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore, te hinu wera, me ngā whakarewa waro. E ai ki te mātāpono matū o te rite-me-te-rite, he tino ngāwari ngā waea PVC ki te pakaru me te ngatata i roto i te taiao kua whakahuatia. Heoi, nā te pai o te mahi tukatuka me te iti o te utu, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonu ngā taura PVC i roto i ngā taputapu whare, ngā rama, ngā taputapu miihini, ngā taputapu me ngā mita, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatunga, te waea hanga me ētahi atu mara.
2. Ngā waea me ngā taura polyethylene honohono-whiti
PE honohono-whiti (e kiia nei i muri nei koXLPE) he momo polyethylene ka taea te huri mai i te hanganga ngota ngota rārangi ki te hanganga toru-ahu-toru i raro i ētahi āhuatanga i raro i te mahi a ngā hihi pūngao-nui, ngā kaihoko hononga-whiti rānei. I taua wā anō, ka huri mai i te kirihou wera-wera ki te kirihou whakatakoto wera-kore e rewa.
I tēnei wā, e toru ngā tikanga honohono matua mō te whakamahi i te whakamahana waea me te taura:
A. Te honohono-whakawhiti peroxide: Ko te tikanga tuatahi ko te whakamahi i te kapia polyethylene me ngā kaihoko honohono-whakawhiti me ngā antioxidants e tika ana, kātahi ka tāpirihia ētahi atu wāhanga e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i ngā matūriki ranunga polyethylene ka taea te hono-whakawhiti. I te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, ka puta te honohono-whakawhiti mā roto i ngā paipa honohono-whakawhiti mamaoa wera.
B. Te honohono-whiti silane (te honohono-whiti wai mahana): He tikanga honohono matū anō hoki tēnei. Ko tōna tikanga matua ko te hono i te organosiloxane me te polyethylene i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, he
ā, ko te nui o te hononga-whiti ka eke ki te 60%.
C. Hononga-whakawhiti irahiko: Ka whakamahia ngā hihi pūngao-nui pērā i ngā hihi-R, ngā hihi ārepa, me ngā hihi irahiko hei whakahohe i ngā ngota waro i roto i ngā macromolecules polyethylene me te whakaputa hononga-whakawhiti. Ko ngā hihi pūngao-nui e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waea me ngā taura ko ngā hihi irahiko i hangaia e ngā whakatere irahiko. Nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana tēnei hononga-whakawhiti ki te pūngao ā-tinana, nō reira kei roto i te hononga-whakawhiti ā-tinana.
He rerekē ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā tikanga honohono e toru o runga ake nei:
Ki te whakatauritea ki te polyethylene thermoplastic (PVC), ko ngā painga o te XLPE he penei:
A. Kua whakarei ake i te ātete ki te hurihanga wera, kua whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, kua whakapai ake i te ātete ki te pakaru o te ahotea taiao me te koroheketanga wera.
B. Kua whakarei ake i te pumau matū me te ātete whakarewa, kua whakaitihia te rere makariri, ā, kua mau tonu te mahi hiko taketake. Ka taea e te pāmahana mahi mō te wā roa te eke ki te 125℃ me te 150℃. Ka whakapai ake hoki te waea me te taura polyethylene whakawhiti-hononga i te ātete ara iahiko poto, ā, ka taea e tōna ātete pāmahana poto te eke ki te 250℃, mō ngā waea me ngā taura o te matotoru ōrite, he nui ake te kaha kawe-iao o te polyethylene whakawhiti-hononga.
C. He tino pai ōna āhuatanga ā-mīhini, ā-wai, ā-ira hoki, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo mara. Pērā i: ngā waea hononga ā-roto mō ngā taputapu hiko, ngā taura mōtini, ngā taura rama, ngā waea whakahaere tohu ngaohiko iti mō ngā motuka, ngā waea tereina, ngā waea me ngā taura mō ngā ara raro whenua, ngā taura tiaki taiao mō ngā maina, ngā taura moana, ngā taura mō te whakatakotoranga mana karihi, ngā waea ngaohiko teitei mō te pouaka whakaata, ngā waea ngaohiko teitei mō te tahu X-RAY, me ngā waea me ngā taura tuku mana, me ētahi atu.
He nui ngā painga o ngā waea me ngā taura XLPE kua whakamahanatia, engari he ngoikoretanga anō hoki kei roto e whakawhāiti ana i tā rātou whakamahinga:
A. He ngoikore te mahi piri ātete wera. Ina tukatukahia, ina whakamahia hoki ngā waea i tua atu i tō rātou pāmahana kua tohua, he ngāwari noa iho te piri o ngā waea tetahi ki tetahi. I ngā wā tino kino, ka raru pea te whakamarumaru me te ara iahiko poto.
B. Kāore i te pai te ātete ki te kawe wera. Ina neke atu i te 200℃ te pāmahana, ka tino ngohengohe te whakamarumaru o ngā waea. Ina pēhia, ina tukinga rānei te kaha o waho, ka tere te tapahi me te whakapoto i te ara iahiko.
C. He uaua ki te whakahaere i te rerekētanga tae i waenga i ngā puranga. Ka puta pea ngā raruraru pēnei i te karawarawa, te mā, me te tihore o ngā pūāhua kua tāia i te wā e tukatukahia ana.
D. Ko te whakamarumaru XLPE me te ātete pāmahana o te 150℃ he kore-halogen, ā, ka taea te paahi i te whakamātautau mura VW-1 i runga anō i ngā paerewa UL1581, me te pupuri tonu i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te hiko tino pai. Heoi anō, kei reira tonu ētahi arai i roto i te hangarau hanga, ā, he nui te utu.
3. Ngā waea me ngā taura rapa silicone
Ko ngā ngota pūmua o te rapa silicone he hanganga mekameka i hangaia e ngā hononga SI-O (silicon-oxygen). Ko te hononga SI-O he 443.5KJ/MOL, he nui ake i te kaha o te hononga CC (355KJ/MOL). Ko te nuinga o ngā waea me ngā taura rapa silicone ka hangaia mā te tango matao me ngā tukanga whakamomona pāmahana-tiketike. I roto i ngā momo waea me ngā taura rapa hangai, nā tōna hanganga ngota ahurei, he pai ake te mahi a te rapa silicone ki ērā atu rapa noa.
A. He tino ngohengohe, he pai te ngāwari, kāore he kakara, kāore hoki he paitini, ā, kāore e wehi i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te tu atu i te makariri nui. Ko te awhe pāmahana whakahaere kei waenga i te -90 ki te 300℃. He pai ake te ātete wera o te rapa silicone i te rapa noa. Ka taea te whakamahi tonu i te 200℃ me te 350℃ mō tētahi wā.
B. He ātete pai ki te huarere. Ahakoa te roa o te pānga ki ngā hihi ultraviolet me ētahi atu āhuatanga āhuarangi, he iti noa iho ngā huringa o ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana.
C. He tino teitei te ātete o te rapa silicone, ā, ka noho pumau tonu tōna ātete ki ngā whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana me ngā auau.
I taua wā, he tino pai te ātete o te rapa silicone ki te tukunga hiko teitei-ngaohiko me te tukunga hiko pewa. He maha ngā painga o ngā waea me ngā taura rapa silicone kua whakamahanatia, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waea taputapu ngaohiko teitei mō ngā pouaka whakaata, ngā waea ātete pāmahana teitei mō ngā oumu ngaruiti, ngā waea mō ngā oumu whakapūmau, ngā waea mō ngā IPU kawhe, ngā taura mō ngā rama, ngā taputapu UV, ngā rama halogen, ngā waea hononga ā-roto mō ngā oumu me ngā pā, inā koa i roto i te mara o ngā taputapu iti o te whare.
Heoi anō, ko ētahi o ōna ngoikoretanga ka whakawhāiti i tōna whakamahinga whānui. Hei tauira:
A. Ātete ngoikore ki te haehae. I te wā e tukatukahia ana, e whakamahia ana rānei, ka pakaru pea i te pēhitanga, te rakuraku me te hurihanga o te kaha o waho, ka puta ai he ara iahiko poto. Ko te tikanga tiaki o nāianei ko te tāpiri i tētahi paparanga muka karāhe, muka polyester pāmahana teitei rānei kua whiria ki waho o te whakamarumaru silicone. Heoi, i te wā e tukatukahia ana, me karo tonu i ngā whara i puta mai i te pēhitanga o te kaha o waho.
B. Ko te mea whakapūkara e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā i roto i te whakapūkara he takirua, he rua, he whā. Kei roto i tēnei mea whakapūkara he chlorine. Ko ngā mea whakapūkara kāore he halogen (pērā i te whakapūkara platinum) he tino whakaritenga mō te pāmahana o te taiao whakaputa, ā, he utu nui. Nō reira, i te wā e tukatuka ana i ngā taura waea, me mōhio ki ēnei āhuatanga: kaua e tino teitei te pēhanga o te wira pēhanga. He pai ake te whakamahi i te rauemi rapa hei ārai i te pakaru i te wā whakaputa, ka arahi pea ki te ātete pēhanga ngoikore.
4. Waea rapa honohono-whiti ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) (XLEPDM)
Ko te rapa EPDM he terpolymer o te ethylene, te propylene me te diene kore-honohono, ka honoa mā te matū, mā te irahiko rānei. Ko te waea whakamātao rapa EPDM hono-honohono e whakakotahi ana i ngā painga o te waea whakamātao polyolefin me te waea whakamātao rapa noa:
A. Ngāwari, ngāwari, pīngore, kore e piri ki ngā pāmahana teitei, ātete ki te koroheketanga mō te wā roa, ā, he ātete ki ngā āhuatanga huarere kino (-60 ki te 125℃).
B. Te ātete ki te ozone, te ātete ki te UV, te ātete ki te whakamahana hiko, me te ātete ki te waikura matū.
C. He rite te ātete ki te hinu me te whakarewa ki te ātete o te rapa chloroprene whānui. Ka tukatukahia mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakaputa wera noa, ā, ka whakamahia te hononga whakawhiti irahiko, he māmā ki te tukatuka me te iti o te utu. He maha ngā painga o ngā waea rapa ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) kua whakakīia ki runga ake nei, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i ngā mara pēnei i ngā taura whakapūmau pouaka whakamātao, ngā taura motuka ātete wai, ngā taura whakawhiti, ngā taura pūkoro i roto i ngā maina, te keri, ngā motuka, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā kaipuke, me ngā waea ā-roto whānui o ngā taputapu hiko.
Ko ngā ngoikoretanga matua o ngā waea XLEPDM ko:
A. Pērā i ngā waea XLPE me PVC, he iti te ātete ki te haehae.
B. Ka pāngia te ngāwari o te tukatuka e te koretake o te piri me te ātete ki te piri.
5. Ngā waea me ngā taura kirihou-pūoro
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā taura polyethylene me te polyvinyl chloride noa, he āhuatanga nui ēnei o ngā taura fluoroplastic:
A. He tino pumau te pāmahana o ngā kirihou fluoroplastics ātete-teitei, e āhei ai ngā taura fluoroplastics ki te urutau ki ngā taiao pāmahana-teitei mai i te 150 ki te 250 nekehanga Celsius. I raro i te āhua o ngā kaiārahi he rite te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga, ka taea e ngā taura fluoroplastics te tuku i te iahiko nui ake e whakaaetia ana, ā, ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o te tono o tēnei momo waea kua whakamahanatia. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ahurei, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taura fluoroplastics mō ngā waea ā-roto me ngā waea mata i roto i ngā waka rererangi, ngā kaipuke, ngā oumu pāmahana-teitei, me ngā taputapu hiko.
B. He pai te ātete ki te mura: He nui te taupū hāora o ngā kirihou fluoro, ā, ina tahuna, he iti te awhe horapa o te mura, ka iti ake te paowa e puta mai ana. He pai te waea i hangaia mai i tēnei mea mō ngā taputapu me ngā wāhi he tino whakaritenga mō te ātete ki te mura. Hei tauira: ngā whatunga rorohiko, ngā ara raro whenua, ngā waka, ngā whare teitei me ētahi atu wāhi tūmatanui, me ētahi atu. Kia puta he ahi, ka whai wā te tangata ki te whakawātea me te kore e hinga i te paowa matotoru, ā, ka whiwhi wā whakaora utu nui.
C. Mahi hiko tino pai: Ki te whakatauritea ki te polyethylene, he iti ake te pūmau dielectric o ngā fluoroplastic. Nō reira, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura coaxial o ngā hanganga rite, he iti ake te whakaiti o ngā taura fluoroplastic, ā, he pai ake mō te tuku tohu auau-teitei. I ēnei rā, kua noho te auau piki haere o te whakamahinga taura hei au. I tēnei wā, nā te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā fluoroplastic, he mea whakamahi noa hei waea ā-roto mō ngā taputapu tuku me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, hei pekepeke i waenga i ngā whāngai tuku ahokore me ngā tuku, me ngā taura ataata me te oro. Hei tāpiri, he pai te kaha dielectric me te ātete whakamarumaru o ngā taura fluoroplastic, e pai ai te whakamahi hei taura whakahaere mō ngā taputapu me ngā mita nui.
D. Ngā āhuatanga miihini me te matū tino pai: He nui te kaha here matū o ngā kirihou fluoro, he pumau teitei, kāore e pāngia e ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, he tino ātete ki te koroheketanga me te kaha miihini. Kāore hoki e pāngia e ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore me ngā whakarewa rauropi. Nō reira, he pai mō ngā taiao he nui ngā huringa āhuarangi me ngā āhuatanga waikura, pērā i ngā matū hinu, te whakamahine hinu, me te whakahaere taputapu puna hinu.
E. Whakangāwari i ngā hononga whakarewa I roto i ngā taputapu hiko, he maha ngā hononga ka hangaia mā te whakarewa. Nā te iti o te ira rewa o ngā kirihou whānui, ka ngawari te rewa i ngā pāmahana teitei, me whai pūkenga whakarewa matatau. Heoi anō, me whai wā whakarewa ētahi wāhi whakarewa, koinei anō te take e rongonui ai ngā taura fluoroplastic. Pērā i te waea ā-roto o ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā taputapu hiko.
Heoi anō, kei te mau tonu ētahi ngoikoretanga o ngā kirihou fluoro e whakawhāiti ana i tā rātou whakamahinga:
A. He nui te utu o ngā rauemi mata. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā mahi hanga o roto kei te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai (Daikin o Hapani me DuPont o te Hononga o Amerika). Ahakoa kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā kirihou fluoro o roto i ngā tau tata nei, kotahi tonu ngā momo hanga. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi kawemai, he rerekē tonu te pumau o te pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga whānui o ngā rauemi.
B. Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu rauemi ārai mate, he uaua ake te tukanga whakaputa, he iti te pai o te whakaputa, he ngāwari te taka o ngā reta kua tāia, ā, he nui te ngaronga, ā, he nui ake te utu whakaputa.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakamahinga o ngā momo rauemi whakamarumaru katoa kua whakahuatia ake nei, inā koa ko ngā rauemi whakamarumaru motuhake pāmahana-tiketike me te ātete pāmahana neke atu i te 105℃, kei roto tonu i te wā whakawhiti i Haina. Ahakoa he hanga waea, he tukatuka rānei i ngā taura waea, ehara i te mea he tukanga pakari anake, engari he tukanga hoki mō te mārama ki ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o tēnei momo waea.
Wā tuku: Mei-27-2025