Whakarāpopototanga: Ko ngā painga o te taura muka whatu kei te whakawhānui tonu i tōna whakamahinga i roto i te ao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kia urutau ai ki ngā taiao rerekē, ka tāpirihia te whakakaha e rite ana ki roto i te tukanga hoahoa o te taura muka whatu hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē. E whakaatu ana tēnei pepa i ngā painga o te miro muka karāhe (arā, te miro muka karāhe) hei whakakaha taura muka whatu, ā, e whakaatu poto ana i te hanganga me te mahi o te taura muka whatu kua whakakahangia ki te miro muka karāhe, ā, e tātari poto ana i ngā uauatanga o te whakamahinga o te miro muka karāhe.
Kupumatua: whakakaha, miro muka karāhe
1. Whakaahuatanga papamuri
Ko te whānautanga me te whanaketanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu he hurihanga nui i roto i te hītori o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kua hurihia e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu te huarahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuku iho, kia taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te tere tere me te kaha teitei me te kore he momo pokanoa aukume. Nā te whanaketanga tonu o te taura muka whatu me te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kua tino pai ake hoki te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu, ā, ko te taura muka whatu me ōna painga katoa e whakawhānui tonu ana i te whakamahinga o te whānuitanga i roto i te ao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, i tēnei wā, kua uru te taura muka whatu me te tere whanaketanga tere me te whānuitanga o ngā tono ki ngā momo wāhanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waea kua noho hei momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matua o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou, ā, kua nui haere te pānga ki te oranga pāpori.
2. Te whakamahinga o te nuinga me ngā momo whakapakari
Hei urutau ki ngā taiao rerekē, ka tāpirihia te whakakaha e rite ana ki te tukanga hoahoa taura, ka whakarerekētia rānei te hanganga taura kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia rerekē. Ka taea te wehewehe i te whakakaha taura muka whatu ki te whakakaha whakarewa me te whakakaha kore-whakarewa, ko ngā wāhanga whakakaha whakarewa matua he rerekē te rahi o te waea maitai, te rīpene konumohe, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā wāhanga whakakaha kore-whakarewa ko te nuinga o te FRP, KFRP, te rīpene ātete wai, te aramid, te miro here, te miro muka karāhe, me ētahi atu. Nā te pakeke me te kaha o te whakakaha whakarewa, ka whakamahia te nuinga ki te taiao hanga me te whakamahi me ngā whakaritenga teitei mō te taumahatanga tuaka, pērā i te whakatakotoranga o runga me ngā paipa o waho, te tanumanga tika me ētahi atu wā. Ngā wāhanga whakakaha kore-whakarewa Nā te whānuitanga o ngā momo, he rerekē te mahi. Nā te mea he ngawari te whakakaha kore-whakarewa, ā, he iti ake te kaha o te taumahatanga i te whakakaha whakarewa, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whare, i roto i ngā whare, i waenganui i ngā papa, i te hono atu rānei ki ngā taura muka whatu whakakaha whakarewa ina he hiahia motuhake. Mō ētahi taiao motuhake, pērā i te taiao e ngāwari ana ki te nohoia e ngā kiore kua whakahuatia ake nei, me whai whakakaha motuhake hei whakatutuki i ngā taumahatanga tuaka me te taha e hiahiatia ana, engari me ētahi atu āhuatanga anō hoki, pērā i te ātete ki te ngau. E whakaatu ana tēnei pepa i te whakamahinga o te miro muka karāhe hei whakakaha i roto i te taura kukume RF, te taura pūrerehua paipa me te taura ātete kiore.
3. Miro muka karāhe me ōna painga
He momo rauemi hangarau hou te muka karāhe, he rama kore-mura, he ātete ki te waikura, he pāmahana teitei, he mimiti makuku, he roa me ētahi atu āhuatanga pai, ā, i roto i ngā āhuatanga hiko, miihini, matū me te whatu, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē. Ka taea te wehewehe i te miro muka karāhe kia rua ngā momo: te miro kore-whiri me te miro whiri, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hanga taura muka whatu.
Ko te miro muka karāhe hei whakakaha taura muka whatu, kei a ia ngā painga e whai ake nei:
(1) i roto i ngā whakaritenga kaha kume o te wā hei utu mō te aramid, ko ngā huānga kume o te taura muka whatu, he ōhanga me te whai hua. Ko te Aramid he muka hanga hangarau teitei hou, me ngā painga o te kaha tino teitei, te modulus teitei me te ātete pāmahana teitei. He teitei te utu o te aramid, ā, ka pā tika hoki tēnei ki te utu o te taura muka whatu. Ko te utu o te miro muka karāhe he tata ki te 1/20 o te utu o te aramid, ā, kāore i te tino rerekē ngā tohu mahi kē atu ki te aramid, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i te miro muka karāhe hei whakakapi mō te aramid, ā, he pai ake te ōhanga. Kei te whakaatuhia te whakataurite mahi i waenga i te aramid me te miro muka karāhe i te ripanga i raro nei.
Ripanga Whakataurite o te mahi a te miro muka aramid me te muka karāhe
(2) Kāore he paitini, he kino hoki te miro muka karāhe, kāore e mura, he ātete ki te waikura, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he iti te roa, he pumau te matū, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mahi o te taura whatu pēnei i te RoHS. He pai ake hoki te ātete ki te pakaru me te waikura, te tiaki wera me ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru o te miro muka karāhe. Mā tēnei ka taea e te taura muka whatu te mahi noa i te pāmahana teitei, iti rānei, ā, ka taea te urutau ki ngā taiao kino ake. Mā ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru ka ārai i te taura muka whatu mai i te uira, i ētahi atu pokanoa hikohiko rānei, ā, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i roto i te taura muka whatu dielectric katoa.
(3) Ka taea e te taura whatu muka whakakīia ki te muka karāhe te whakawhāiti i te hanganga taura, me te whakanui ake i te kaha kume me te kaha pēhanga o te taura.
(4) Ko te miro muka karāhe ārai-wai tētahi o ngā huarahi pai ki te ārai i te wai i roto i te taura muka whatu. He pai ake te pānga ārai-wai o te miro muka karāhe ārai-wai i te aramid ārai-wai, he 160% te tere pupuhi mimiti, ko te miro muka karāhe ārai-wai he 200% te tere pupuhi mimiti. Mena ka whakanuia te nui o te miro muka karāhe, ka nui ake te hiranga o te pānga ārai-wai. He hanganga maroke ārai-wai, ā, kāore he take ki te muru i te whakapiri hinu i te wā e hono ana, he mea watea ake mō te hanganga, ā, he rite tonu ki ngā whakaritenga taiao.
(5) He pai te ngāwari o te miro muka karāhe hei hanganga whakakaha mō te taura muka whatu, ā, ka taea te whakakore i ngā ngoikoretanga o te taura muka whatu he pakari rawa, he uaua hoki te piko nā te whakakaha, ā, ka whai hua tēnei mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te hanga me te tāutanga. He iti noa iho tōna pānga ki te mahi piko o te taura muka whatu, ā, ka taea e te radius piko te tae atu ki te 10 ngā wā o te diameter o waho o te taura, he pai ake mō te taiao whakatakotoranga uaua.
(6) Ko te matotoru o te miro muka karāhe he 2.5g/cm3, he mama te taura muka whatu me te miro muka karāhe hei whakakaha, ā, he iti ake ngā utu kawe.
(7) He pai hoki te mahi ārai-kiore o te miro muka karāhe. I roto i te maha o ngā mara me ngā rohe maunga o Haina, he pai te tipu mō ngā kiore kia ora ai, ā, ko te kakara ahurei kei roto i te pūeru kirihou o te taura muka whatu he ngāwari ki te kukume i ngā kiore ki te ngau, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka pāngia te taura whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e te ngau a ngā kiore, ā, ka pā ki te kounga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ā, i ngā wā kino, ka mutu pea te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o te taura matua, ka nui hoki ngā mate ki te hapori. Ka whakaritea ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tikanga ārai-kiore tuku iho me te miro muka karāhe ārai-kiore ki te ripanga e whai ake nei.
6. Whakamutunga
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ehara i te mea he pai noa te mahi a te miro muka karāhe, engari he iti hoki te utu, ka nui haere te whakamahinga o te whakakaha taura muka whatu, ka whakaiti i te utu whakaputa o ngā kaihanga taura muka whatu, ā, ka pai ake te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē o ngā kiritaki o roto me tāwāhi.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-09-2022