Ko ngā rauemi polyolefin, e mōhiotia ana mō ō rātou āhuatanga hiko tino pai, te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, me te mahi taiao, kua noho hei tetahi o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru me te hipoki e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga waea me te taura.
Ko ngā polyolefin he pūmua taumaha-ngota teitei i hangaia mai i ngā monomer olefin pēnei i te ethylene, te propylene, me te butene. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā taura, te takai, te hanga, te motuka, me ngā ahumahi hauora.
I roto i te hanga taura, he iti te pumau dielectric o ngā rauemi polyolefin, he pai ake te whakamarumaru, me te ātete matū tino pai, e whakarite ana i te pumau me te haumaru mō te wā roa. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga kore-halogen me te hangarua hoki e hangai ana ki ngā au hou o te hanga matomato me te pumau.
I. Te Whakarōpūtanga mā te Momo Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Ko te Polyethylene (PE) he kapia kirihou wera i whakapūhuitia mai i ngā monomer ethylene, ā, ko tētahi o ngā kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao. I runga i te mātotoru me te hanganga ngota, ka wehea ki ngā momo LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, me te XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene Matotoru-Iti (LDPE)
Hanganga: I hangaia mā te whakakotahitanga rauropi kore-kore pēhanga teitei; he maha ngā mekameka peka, he 55–65% te matotoru me te 0.91–0.93 g/cm³ te matotoru.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ngāwari, mārama, ā, he ātete ki te pānga engari he ātete wera ngawari (tae atu ki te 80 °C).
Ngā Whakamahinga: He mea whakamahi noa hei rauemi hipoki mō ngā taura whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā taura tohu, hei whakataurite i te ngāwari me te whakamarumaru.
(2) Polyethylene Matotoru-Teitei (HDPE)
Hanganga: Kua whakapūhuitia i raro i te pēhanga iti me ngā whakakōkī Ziegler–Natta; he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he manga, he teitei te tioata (80–95%), ā, he 0.94–0.96 g/cm³ te mātotoru.
Ngā Āhuatanga: He kaha nui, he pūmautanga matū tino pai, engari he iti ake te pakari i te pāmahana iti.
Ngā Whakamahinga: He whānuitia te whakamahinga mō ngā paparanga whakamahana, ngā paipa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā hipoki taura muka whatu, e whakarato ana i te tiaki pai rawa atu i te rangi me te ātete miihini, inā koa mō ngā whakaurunga o waho, o raro whenua rānei.
(3) Polyethylene Matotoru-Iti Rārangi (LLDPE)
Hanganga: Kua whakakotahihia mai i te ethylene me te α-olefin, me te peka mekameka poto; te mātotoru i waenga i te 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ka whakakotahi i te ngāwari me te kaha me te ātete pai ki te poka.
Ngā Whakamahinga: He pai mō ngā rauemi hipoki me te whakamahana i roto i ngā taura ngaohiko iti me te ngaohiko waenga me ngā taura whakahaere, hei whakarei ake i te ātete ki te pānga me te piko.
(4)Polyethylene Hononga-Whārite (XLPE)
Hanganga: He whatunga toru-ahu i hangaia mā te hononga matū, ā-tinana rānei (silane, peroxide, hihi-irahiko rānei).
Ngā Āhuatanga: He ātete tino pai ki te wera, ki te kaha miihini, ki te whakamarumaru hiko, me te ātete ki te huarere.
Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taura hiko ngaohiko-waenga me te ngaohiko-tiketike, ngā taura hiko hou, me ngā taura waea motuka — he rauemi whakamahana matua i roto i te hanga taura hou.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Ko te polypropylene (PP), i whakapūhuitia mai i te propylene, he mātotoru kei waenganui i te 0.89–0.92 g/cm³, ko te ira rewa kei waenganui i te 164–176 °C, ā, ko te awhe pāmahana whakahaere kei waenganui i te –30 °C ki te 140 °C.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Mama, kaha ā-pūkaha, ātete matū tino pai, me te whakamarumaru hiko tino pai.
Ngā Whakamahinga: Whakamahia ai hei rauemi whakamarumaru kore-halogen i roto i ngā taura. I te mea e kaha haere ana te aro ki te tiaki taiao, kei te piki haere te whakakapinga o te polypropylene honohono-whiti (XLPP) me te copolymer PP whakarerekētia i roto i ngā pūnaha taura pāmahana-tiketike me te ngaohiko-tiketike, pērā i te taura rerewē, te hiko hau, me ngā taura waka hiko.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Kei roto i te Polybutylene te Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) me te Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Ngā Āhuatanga: He ātete wera pai rawa atu, he pumau matū, he ātete ngokingoki hoki.
Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana a PB-1 i roto i ngā paipa, i ngā kiriata, me ngā takai, ko te PIB ia e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga taura hei tiēre aukati-wai, hei hiri, hei matū whakakī hoki nā te mea kāore e uru ki te hau me te kore e uru ki ngā matū—e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taura muka whatu hei hiri me te tiaki i te makuku.
II. Ētahi atu Rauemi Polyolefin Noa
(1) Te Koporamara Etirena–Vinire Āketita (EVA)
Ka whakakotahi te EVA i te ethylene me te vinyl acetate, e whakaatu ana i te ngāwari me te ātete ki te makariri (ka mau tonu te ngāwari ki te –50 °C).
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ngāwari, ātete ki te pānga, kāore he paitini, ā, he ātete ki te koroheketanga.
Ngā Whakamahinga: I roto i ngā taura, ka whakamahia te EVA hei whakarerekētanga ngāwari, hei kapia kawe rānei i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), hei whakapai ake i te pumau tukatuka me te ngāwari o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru me te hipoki e pai ana ki te taiao.
(2) Polyethylene Taumaha-Ngā-Rauemi Tino-Teitei (UHMWPE)
Neke atu i te 1.5 miriona te taumaha ngota ngota o te UHMWPE, ā, he kirihou hangarau taumata teitei tēnei.
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko te ātete kakahu teitei rawa atu i roto i ngā kirihou, ko te kaha pānga e rima ngā wā he nui ake i te ABS, he ātete matū tino pai, ā, he iti te mimiti makuku.
Ngā Whakamahinga: Whakamahia i roto i ngā taura whatu me ngā taura motuhake hei uhi kakahu roa, hei paninga rānei mō ngā huānga kume, hei whakarei ake i te ātete ki te kino ā-mīhini me te pakū.
III. Whakamutunga
Kāore he halogen i roto i ngā rauemi polyolefin, he iti te paowa, ā, kāore he paitini ina tahuna. He pai rawa te pumau o te hiko, te miihini, me te tukatuka, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i tā rātou mahi mā te hangarau honohono, whakaranu, me te whakawhiti hononga.
Nā te whakakotahitanga o te haumaru, te atawhai taiao, me te mahi pono, kua noho ngā rauemi polyolefin hei pūnaha rauemi matua i roto i te umanga waea me te taura hou. I te tirohanga whakamua, i te mea kei te tipu haere tonu ngā rāngai pēnei i ngā waka hiko hou, ngā photovoltaics, me ngā whakawhitiwhiti raraunga, ka akiakihia e ngā auahatanga i roto i ngā tono polyolefin te whanaketanga mahi-teitei me te pumau o te umanga taura.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-17-2025