I te wā e whakahaerehia ana ngā taura whatu me ngā taura hiko, ko te mea nui rawa atu e arahi ana ki te hekenga o te mahi ko te urunga makuku. Mēnā ka uru te wai ki roto i te taura whatu, ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te ngoikore o te muka; ki te uru ki roto i te taura hiko, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te mahi whakamarumaru o te taura, ka pā ki tana mahi. Nō reira, ko ngā waeine aukati-wai, pērā i ngā rauemi mimiti-wai, kua hangaia ki roto i te tukanga hanga o ngā taura whatu me ngā taura hiko hei ārai i te makuku, i te urunga wai rānei, kia mau ai te haumaru mahi.
Ko ngā momo hua matua o ngā rauemi mimiti-wai ko te paura mimiti-wai,rīpene ārai wai, miro ārai-wai, me te hinu ārai wai momo pupuhi, me ētahi atu. I runga i te wāhi e whakamahia ai, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi momo rauemi ārai wai, ka taea rānei te whakamahi i ētahi momo rerekē i te wā kotahi hei whakarite i te mahi ā-wai o ngā taura.
I te tere o te whakamahinga o te hangarau 5G, kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā taura whatu, ā, kei te kaha haere ngā whakaritenga mō rātou. Ina koa i te whakaurunga o ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao me te matomato, kei te piki haere te pai o te mākete ki ngā taura whatu maroke katoa. Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o ngā taura whatu maroke katoa ko te kore e whakamahi i te hinu ārai wai momo whakakī, te hinu ārai wai momo pupuhi rānei. Engari, ka whakamahia te rīpene ārai wai me ngā muka ārai wai hei ārai wai puta noa i te wāhanga whakawhiti katoa o te taura.
He mea noa te whakamahi i te rīpene ārai-wai i roto i ngā taura me ngā taura whatu, ā, he nui ngā tuhinga rangahau mō tēnei mea. Heoi, he iti ake ngā rangahau kua pūrongohia mō te miro ārai-wai, inā koa mō ngā rauemi muka ārai-wai me ngā āhuatanga tino mimiti. Nā te ngāwari o te utu i te wā e hangaia ana ngā taura whatu me te hiko, me te ngāwari o te tukatuka, ko ngā rauemi muka tino mimiti te rauemi ārai-wai e pai ana i tēnei wā i roto i te hanga taura me ngā taura whatu, inā koa ngā taura whatu maroke.
Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Hanga Taura Hiko
I te kaha tonu o te hanganga hanganga o Haina, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā taura hiko mai i ngā kaupapa hiko tautoko. Ko te tikanga ka tāutahia ngā taura mā te tanu tika, ki roto i ngā awaawa taura, ki ngā kauhanga, ki ngā tikanga rānei i runga ake. Kāore e kore ka noho ēnei taura ki roto i ngā taiao makuku, ki te pā tika rānei ki te wai, ā, ka taea hoki te rumaki ki roto i te wai mō te wā poto, mō te wā roa rānei, ka āta uru te wai ki roto i te roto o te taura. I raro i te mahi a te papa hiko, ka taea te hanga i ngā hanganga rite ki te rākau i roto i te paparanga whakamarumaru o te ara iahiko, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te whakatipu rākau wai. Ina tupu ngā rākau wai ki tētahi taumata, ka pakaru te whakamarumaru taura. Kua mōhiotia whānuitia te whakatipu rākau wai hei tētahi o ngā tino take o te koroheketanga o ngā taura i te ao whānui. Hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te pono o te pūnaha tuku hiko, me whakamahi te hoahoa me te hanga taura i ngā hanganga ārai-wai, i ngā mahi ārai-wai rānei kia pai ai te mahi ārai-wai o te taura.
Ko ngā ara urunga wai i roto i ngā taura ka taea te wehewehe kia rua ngā momo: te urunga radial (whakapae rānei) mā roto i te uhi, me te urunga roa (tuaka rānei) i te taha o te ara iahiko me te matua taura. Mō te aukati wai radial (whakapae), he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he uhi ārai wai whānui, pērā i te rīpene hiato konumohe-kirihou kua takaihia ki te taha roa, kātahi ka whakapūtāhia ki te polyethylene. Mena e hiahiatia ana he aukati wai radial katoa, ka whakamahia he hanganga uhi whakarewa. Mō ngā taura e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ko te tiaki aukati wai e aro nui ana ki te urunga roa (tuaka) ki te wai.
I te hoahoa i te hanganga taura, me whai whakaaro ngā mahi ārai wai ki te ātete wai i te taha roa (te taha tuaka rānei) o te ara iahiko, te ātete wai i waho o te paparanga ārai, me te ātete wai puta noa i te hanganga katoa. Ko te tikanga whānui mō ngā ara iahiko ārai wai ko te whakakī i ngā rauemi ārai wai i roto, i runga hoki i te mata o te ara iahiko. Mō ngā taura ngaohiko teitei me ngā ara iahiko kua wehea ki ngā wāhanga, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia te miro ārai wai hei rauemi ārai wai i waenganui, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te miro ārai wai i roto i ngā hanganga ārai wai hanganga-katoa. Mā te whakatakoto i te miro ārai wai, i ngā taura ārai wai rānei i whatua mai i te miro ārai wai ki roto i ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te taura, ka taea te ārai i ngā awaawa e rere ai te wai i te taha tuaka o te taura kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga piri wai roa. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa kauwhata o te taura ārai wai hanganga-katoa i te Pikitia 2.
I roto i ngā hanganga taura kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi muka mimiti-wai hei wāhanga ārai-wai. Ko te tikanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te kapia mimiti-rahi kei runga i te mata o te rauemi muka. Ina tūtaki ki te wai, ka tere te horapa o te kapia ki te nui ake i tōna rahinga taketake, ka hanga he paparanga ārai-wai kua kati i runga i te porowhita whakawhiti o te matua taura, ka ārai i ngā awa uru wai, ka aukati i te horapa me te toronga atu o te wai, o te mamaoa wai rānei i te taha roa, ā, ka tiakina pai te taura.
Te Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Taura Whatu
Ko te mahi tuku whatu, te mahi miihini, me te mahi taiao o ngā taura whatu ngā whakaritenga matua o tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ko tētahi tikanga hei whakarite i te roa o te ora o tētahi taura whatu ko te ārai i te wai kia kaua e uru ki roto i te muka whatu i te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ka nui ake te ngaronga (arā, te ngaronga hauwai). Ka pā te urunga mai o te wai ki ngā tihi mimiti mārama o te muka whatu i te awhe roangaru mai i te 1.3μm ki te 1.60μm, ka nui ake te ngaronga o te muka whatu. Ka kapihia e tēnei awhi roangaru te nuinga o ngā matapihi tuku e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu o nāianei. Nō reira, ko te hoahoa hanganga ātete wai he mea nui i roto i te hanganga taura whatu.
Ko te hoahoa hanganga ārai-wai i roto i ngā taura whatu kua wehea ki te hoahoa ārai-wai radial me te hoahoa ārai-wai roa. Ko te hoahoa ārai-wai radial e whakamahi ana i tētahi uhi ārai-wai whānui, arā, he hanganga me te rīpene hiato konumohe-kirihou, maitai-kirihou rānei kua takai roa, kātahi ka tukuna ki te polyethylene. I te wā kotahi, ka tāpirihia he ngongo wetewete i hangaia ki ngā rauemi polymer pēnei i te PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) te maitai kore waikura rānei ki waho o te muka whatu. I roto i te hoahoa hanganga ārai-wai roa, ka whakaarohia te tono o ngā paparanga maha o ngā rauemi ārai-wai mō ia wāhanga o te hanganga. Ko te rauemi ārai-wai i roto i te ngongo wetewete (i roto rānei i ngā awaawa o te taura momo angaanga) ka hurihia mai i te hinu ārai-wai momo whakakī ki te rauemi muka mimiti-wai mō te ngongo. Kotahi, e rua rānei ngā aho miro ārai-wai ka whakatakotoria whakarara ki te huānga whakapakari matua taura hei ārai i te kohu wai o waho mai i te urunga roa i te taha o te mema kaha. Mena e tika ana, ka taea hoki te whakanoho i ngā muka ārai-wai ki roto i ngā āputa i waenga i ngā ngongo wetewete kua tau ki te taura whatu kia pai ai te whakamātautau urunga wai. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he momo miro paparua i roto i te hanganga o tētahi taura whatu maroke rawa, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3.
Wā tuku: 28 o Ākuhata-2025