Mō ngā pāmahana whakahaere roa e whakaaetia ana mō ngā matua taura, ko te whakamātao rapa he 65°C, ko te whakamātao polyvinyl chloride (PVC) he 70°C, me te whakamātao polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE) he 90°C. Mō ngā ara iahiko poto (me te roanga mōrahi kāore e neke atu i te 5 hēkona), ko te pāmahana teitei rawa e whakaaetia ana mō te ara iahiko ko te 160°C mō te whakamātao PVC me te 250°C mō te whakamātao XLPE.
I. Ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Taura XLPE me ngā Taura PVC
1. Mai i te whakaurunga mai o waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā taura XLPE, ā, ko te haurua o te mākete inaianei ko ngā taura Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura PVC, he nui ake te kaha kawe iahiko o ngā taura XLPE, he kaha ake te kaha uta, ā, he roa ake te roa o te ora (ko te roa o te ora wera o te taura PVC he 20 tau i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai, ko te roa ia o te ora o te taura XLPE he 40 tau). Ina tahuna, ka tukuna e te PVC he nui te paoa pango me ngā hau paitini, engari kāore te tahunga XLPE e whakaputa i ngā hau halogen paitini. Kei te mōhiotia whānuitia te hiranga o ngā taura whakawhiti e ngā rāngai hoahoa me te tono.
2. Ka tere te mura o ngā taura PVC noa (te whakamarumaru me te hipoki) me te mura tonu, ka nui ake te kaha o te ahi. Ka ngaro te kaha o te tuku hiko i roto i te 1 ki te 2 meneti. Ka tukuna e te mura PVC te paoa pango matotoru, ka raru ai te manawa me te whakararu i te whakawātea. Ko te mea nui ake, ka tukuna e te mura PVC ngā hau paitini me te waikura pērā i te hauwai pūhaumāota (HCl) me ngā taiokini, koinei ngā tino take o ngā matenga i roto i ngā ahi (e 80% o ngā matenga e pā ana ki te ahi). Ka waikura ēnei hau ki ngā taputapu hiko, ka tino whakararu i te mahi whakamarumaru, ā, ka puta ake ngā tūponotanga tuarua e uaua ana ki te whakaiti.
II. Ngā Taura Ārai-Mumura
1. Me whakaatu ngā taura ātete-mura i ngā āhuatanga ātete-mura, ā, me whakarōpū kia toru ngā taumata ātete-mura A, B, me C e ai ki te IEC 60332-3-24 "Ngā whakamātautau i runga i ngā taura hiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahi." Ko te Akomanga A te mea tino kaha ki te ātete-mura.
I whakahaerehia e te US Standards and Technology Research Institute ngā whakamātautau whakatairite mura i runga i ngā waea ātete-mura me ngā waea kore-ātete-mura. E whakaatu ana ngā hua e whai ake nei i te hiranga o te whakamahi i ngā taura ātete-mura:
a. Neke atu i te 15 ngā wā ka roa ake te wā mawhiti o ngā waea ātete-mura i ngā waea kore-ātete-mura.
b. Ko te haurua noa iho o te nui o ngā rauemi e tahuna ana e ngā waea ātete-mura he rite ki ngā rauemi e tahuna ana e ngā waea kore-ātete-mura.
c. Ko te tere tuku wera o ngā waea ātete-mura he hauwhā noa iho i tērā o ngā waea kore-ātete-mura.
d. Ko ngā tukunga hau paitini mai i te tahunga he hautoru noa iho i ērā o ngā hua kore-ārai-mura.
e. Kāore he rerekētanga nui o te mahi whakaputa paowa i waenga i ngā hua ātete-mura me ngā hua kore-ātete-mura.
2. Ngā Taura Auahi-Iti Kore-Hōgen
Me whai ngā taura kore-hauora iti-paoa kia kore-hauora, kia iti-paoa, kia ātete-mura hoki ki te mura, me ēnei whakaritenga:
IEC 60754 (whakamātautau kore-halogen) IEC 61034 (whakamātautau paowa-iti)
Te kawe i te PH Te tuku mārama iti rawa
PH≥4.3 r≤10us/mm T≥60%
3. Ngā Taura Ātete-Ahi
a. Ko ngā tohu whakamātautau mura taura ātete-ahi (te pāmahana me te wā ahi) e ai ki te paerewa IEC 331-1970 ko te 750°C mō ngā hāora e 3. E ai ki te tauira hou IEC 60331 mai i te pōtitanga IEC tata nei, ko te pāmahana ahi kei waenganui i te 750°C ki te 800°C mō ngā hāora e 3.
b. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā waea me ngā taura ātete ahi ki ngā taura ātete ahi ātete mura me ngā taura ātete ahi kore-ātete mura i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa. Ko ngā taura ātete ahi o te whare e whakamahi ana i ngā kawe hiko kua pania ki te mika me te whakamarumaru ātete mura kua whakaputahia hei hanganga matua, ko te nuinga he hua Akomanga B. Ko ngā mea e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa Akomanga A e whakamahi ana i ngā rīpene mika hangai motuhake me ngā taura whakamarumaru kohuke (matua parahi, ringaringa parahi, whakamarumaru konupora waikura, e mōhiotia ana ko MI).
Kāore e mura ngā taura ātete ahi kua whakamātaotia ki te kohuke, kāore e puta he paoa, he ātete ki te waikura, kāore e paitini, he ātete ki te pānga, ā, he ātete ki te rehu wai. E mōhiotia ana ēnei he taura ātete ahi, e whakaatu ana i te mahi ātete ahi tino pai i roto i ngā momo taura ātete ahi. Heoi, he uaua te tukanga hanga, he nui ake te utu, he iti te roa o te whakaputa, he nui te porowhita piko, he ngāwari te whakamātao ki te makuku, ā, i tēnei wā, ko ngā hua matua kotahi anake o te 25mm2 me runga ake ka taea te whakarato. Me whai pūrua motuhake me ngā hononga takawaenga tuturu, ka uaua ake te tāutanga me te hanga.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-07-2023