Kia ora, e ngā kaipānui me ngā kaiwhaiwhai hangarau! I tēnei rā, ka tīmata tātou i tētahi haerenga whakamīharo ki roto i te hītori me ngā whakatutukitanga o te hangarau muka whatu. Hei tētahi o ngā kaiwhakarato matua o ngā hua muka whatu hou, kua noho a OWCable ki mua i tēnei umanga whakamiharo. Kia ruku tātou ki te whanaketanga o tēnei hangarau hou me ōna whakatutukitanga nui.
Te Whānautanga o te muka whatu
I ahu mai te ariā o te ārahi i te mārama mā roto i tētahi mea mārama i te rautau 19, me ngā whakamātautau tōmua i uru atu ai ngā tokotoko karāhe me ngā awa wai. Heoi, tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1960 ka whakatakotoria te turanga o te hangarau muka whatu hou. I te tau 1966, i whakaarohia e te tohunga ahupūngao Piritana a Charles K. Kao ka taea te whakamahi i te karāhe parakore hei tuku tohu mārama ki ngā tawhiti roa me te iti o te ngaronga tohu.
Te Tukunga Muka Whatu Tuatahi
Kia tere whakamua ki te tau 1970, i te wā i angitu ai a Corning Glass Works (ināianei ko Corning Incorporated) ki te whakaputa i te muka whatu iti-ngaronga tuatahi mā te whakamahi i te karāhe parakore-teitei. Nā tēnei putanga hou i whakaitihia te tohu i raro i te 20 tekipere ia kiromita (dB/km), ā, ka taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti te whakatutuki i tētahi mea whai hua.
Te Putanga Mai o te Muka Aratau-Kotahi
I ngā tau 1970, i haere tonu ngā kairangahau ki te whakapai ake i ngā muka whatu, ā, i hua ake ai te whanaketanga o te muka aratau-kotahi. Nā tēnei momo muka i iti ake ai te ngaronga tohu, ā, i taea ai hoki te tuku raraunga teitei ake i ngā tawhiti roa. Kāore i roa ka noho ko te muka aratau-kotahi te pou tuarā o ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti.
Te Arumoni me te Putanga o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
Ko ngā tau 1980 te wā i huri ai te hangarau muka whatu. I te hekenga o ngā utu nā te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga hangahanga, ka piki haere te whakamahinga arumoni o ngā taura muka whatu. Ka tīmata ngā kamupene whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te whakakapi i ngā taura parahi tuku iho ki ngā muka whatu, ā, ka puta he hurihanga i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o te ao.
Te Ipurangi me tua atu
I ngā tau 1990, i te aranga ake o te ipurangi i puta ai te hiahia nui mō te tuku raraunga tere-teitei. He mea nui te mahi a te muka whatu i roto i tēnei whanaketanga, i te whakarato i te whānui o te hononga e tika ana hei tautoko i te ao matihiko. I te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o te ipurangi, i piki haere anō hoki te hiahia mō ngā otinga muka whatu matatau ake.
Ngā Whakatairanga i roto i te Whakarea Wehenga Roangaru (WDM)
Hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e piki haere tonu ana mō te whānui o te raraunga, i whakawhanakehia e ngā kaihangarau te Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1990. Nā te hangarau WDM i taea ai e ngā tohu maha o ngā roangaru rerekē te haere i te wā kotahi mā roto i te muka whatu kotahi, ā, ka tino whakanuia ake tōna kaha me tōna whai huatanga.
Te Whakawhiti ki te muka ki te Kāinga (FTTH)
I te taenga mai o te mano tau hou, ka neke te arotahi ki te kawe tika i ngā muka whatu ki ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi. Ko te muka ki te kāinga (FTTH) te paerewa koura mō te ipurangi tere me ngā ratonga raraunga, ā, ka taea ai te hononga tino pai, me te whakarerekē i te āhua o tō tātou noho me te mahi.
Muka Whatu o Nāianei: Tere, Pūmanawa, me tua atu
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whanake tonu te hangarau muka whatu, kua panaia ngā rohe o te tuku raraunga. Nā te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi muka whatu, ngā tikanga hanga, me ngā kawa whatunga, kua kite tātou i te pikinga tere me te kaha o ngā raraunga.
Te Anamata o te Hangarau Muka Whatu
I a tātou e titiro whakamua ana, te āhua nei kāore he mutunga o te pūmanawa o te hangarau muka whatu. Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kairangahau ngā rauemi auaha, pērā i ngā muka kōhao-matua me ngā muka karaihe whakaahua, ka taea ai te whakarei ake i ngā āheinga tuku raraunga.
Hei whakamutunga, kua roa te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau muka whatu mai i tōna tīmatanga. Mai i tōna tīmatanga iti hei ariā whakamātautau ki te noho hei poutokomanawa mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou, kua hurihia e tēnei hangarau whakamiharo te ao. I OWCable, e whakahīhī ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā hua muka whatu hou me te pono, e akiaki ana i te whakatupuranga hononga e whai ake nei, e whakamana ana hoki i te ao matihiko.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-31-2023