I roto i te hangarau hiko me te tāutanga taputapu ahumahi, mā te whiriwhiri i te momo "taura ngaohiko-teitei" me te "taura ngaohiko-iti" hē ka arahi pea ki te pakaru o ngā taputapu, te motuhanga hiko, me te aukati i te whakaputanga, tae atu ki ngā aituā haumaru i ngā wā tino kino. Heoi, he maha ngā tāngata he mārama noa iho ki ngā rerekētanga hanganga i waenga i ngā mea e rua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiri i runga i te wheako, i ngā whakaaro "penapena utu" rānei, ka arahi ki ngā hapa maha. Mā te whiriwhiri i te taura hē, ehara i te mea ka puta noa ngā hapa o ngā taputapu, engari ka puta hoki he tūponotanga mōrearea haumaru. I tēnei rā, me matapaki tātou i ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i a rātou me ngā "mahanga" nui e 3 me karo e koe i te wā e whiriwhiri ana.
1. Tātari Hanganga: Ngā Taura Ngaohiko-Teitei me ngā Taura Ngaohiko-Iti
He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana, "He matotoru noa iho ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike, he iti noa iho te ngaohiko," engari ko te mea pono, he rerekētanga taketake ō rātou hoahoa hanganga, ā, he tino tika te urutau o ia paparanga ki te taumata ngaohiko. Hei mārama ki ngā rerekētanga, tīmata ki ngā whakamāramatanga o te "ngaohiko-tiketike" me te "ngaohiko-iti":
Ngā taura ngaohiko iti: Ngaohiko whakatauranga ≤ 1 kV (ko te tikanga he 0.6/1 kV), e whakamahia ana mō te tohatoha whare me te tuku hiko mō ngā taputapu iti;
Ngā taura hiko-tiketike: Ngā hiko kua whakatauria ≥ 1 kV (ko te tikanga he 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), e whakamahia ana mō te tuku hiko, ngā teihana hiko iti, me ngā taputapu ahumahi nui.
(1) Kaiārahi: Ehara i te mea "Matotoru ake" engari "Ko te Parakore te mea nui"
Ko ngā taura hiko iti-ngaohiko he mea hanga i ngā waea parahi angiangi maha-aho (hei tauira, 19 ngā aho i roto i ngā waea BV), ko te nuinga hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga "kaha kawe-auau";
Ahakoa he parahi, he konumohe rānei ngā taura hiko teitei-ngaohiko, he teitei ake te parakore (≥99.95%), ā, e whakamahi ana i te tukanga "whiri porowhita kiato" (te whakaiti i ngā āputa) hei whakaiti i te ātete o te mata o te hiko me te whakaiti i te "pānga kiri" i raro i te ngaohiko teitei (ka kukū te iahiko ki te mata o te hiko, ka wera ai).
(2) Papa Ārai: Te Pūtake o te "Parenga Papa Maha" o ngā Taura Ngaohiko-Tiketike
He angiangi ngā paparanga whakamarumaru taura ngaohiko iti (hei tauira, he matotoru te whakamarumaru taura 0.6/1 kV ~3.4 mm), ko te nuinga he PVC, heXLPE, ko te mahi matua he "wehe i te kaiārahi mai i waho";
He matotoru ake ngā paparanga ārai taura ngaohiko teitei (taura 6 kV ~10 mm, 110 kV tae atu ki te 20 mm) ā, me paahitia ngā whakamātautau pakari pēnei i te "ngaohiko ātete auau mana" me te "ngaohiko ātete i te hiko uira." He mea nui ake, ka tāpirihia e ngā taura ngaohiko teitei ngā rīpene ārai-wai me ngā paparanga haurua-arataki ki roto i te ārai:
Rīpene ārai-wai: Ka ārai i te urunga mai o te wai (ka taea e te makuku i raro i te ngaohiko teitei te "whakatō rākau wai," ka pakaru te whakamarumaru);
Paparanga haurua-arahi hiko: Ka whakarite kia ōrite te tohatoha o te mara hiko (ka ārai i te kukū o te mara hiko ā-rohe, ka puta ai he tukunga).
Raraunga: E 40%-50% o te utu taura ngaohiko-tiketike te utu mō te paparanga whakamarumaru (15%-20% noa iho mō te ngaohiko-iti), koinei tētahi o ngā take nui e nui ake ai te utu o ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike.
(3) Parenga me te Puranga Whakarewa: Te "Pare Ārai i te Whakararuraru" mō ngā Taura Ngaohiko Teitei
Ko ngā taura ngaohiko iti te nuinga kāore he paparanga ārai (haunga ngā taura tohu), ko ngā uhi o waho he PVC, he polyethylene rānei te nuinga;
Me whai ārai whakarewa ngā taura ngaohiko teitei (ina koa ≥6 kV) (hei tauira,rīpene parahi, whiri parahi) me ngā papa whakarewa (hei tauira, papa mata, papa konumohe kōpikopiko):
Parenga whakarewa: Ka herea te āpure ngaohiko-tiketike i roto i te paparanga whakamarumaru, ka whakaiti i te pokanoa hiko-aukati (EMI), ā, ka whakarato i te ara mō te iahiko hapa;
Puranga whakarewa: Ka whakarei ake i te kaha ā-ringa (te ātete ki te kuru me te kuru) ā, ka mahi hei "whakangungu whenua", ka whakaiti ake i te kaha o te papa whakamarumaru.
(4) Te koti o waho: He pakari ake mō ngā taura hiko teitei
Ko ngā koti taura ngaohiko iti te nuinga e tiaki ana i te pakaru me te waikura;
Me ātete anō hoki ngā koti taura ngaohiko-tiketike ki te hinu, te makariri, te ozone, me ētahi atu (hei tauira, te PVC me ngā tāpiringa ātete-huarere). Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he ārai waea rino (ātete ki te pēhanga wai me te ahotea kume) mō ngā tono motuhake (hei tauira, ngā taura ruku wai).
2. 3 Ngā "Mahanga" Matua hei Ārai i te Wā e Kōwhiria ai Ngā Taura
Kia mārama koe ki ngā rerekētanga hanganga, me karo hoki i ēnei "mahanga huna" i te wā whiriwhiri; ki te kore, ka piki ake pea ngā utu, ka puta rānei ngā aituā haumaru.
(1) Te Whai Matapō i te "Paenga Teitei" te "Utu Iti" rānei
Whakaaro hē: Ko tā ētahi he "he haumaru ake te whakamahi i ngā taura ngaohiko teitei i te ngaohiko iti," he whakamahi rānei rātou i ngā taura ngaohiko iti hei penapena moni.
Mōrearea: He nui ake te utu o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei; ki te kore e hiahiatia he kōwhiringa ngaohiko teitei, ka nui ake te tahua. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taura ngaohiko iti i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngaohiko teitei ka pakaru tonu te whakamarumaru, ka puta he ara iahiko poto, he ahi, ka tūpono rānei te tūponotanga o ngā kaimahi.
Huarahi Tika: Kōwhiria i runga i te taumata ngaohiko tuturu me ngā whakaritenga mana, hei tauira, ko te hiko o te whare (220V/380V) e whakamahi ana i ngā taura ngaohiko iti, me ōrite ngā motuka ngaohiko teitei ahumahi (10 kV) ki ngā taura ngaohiko teitei — kaua rawa e "whakaheke" me te "whakapai ake" noa iho.
(2) Te wareware i ngā "Pōraru Huna" mai i te Taiao
Whakapono hē: Whakaarohia te hikohiko anake, kaua e aro ki te taiao, hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā taura noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga makuku, pāmahana teitei, waikura matū rānei.
Mōrearea: Ka pāngia pea ngā taura ngaohiko teitei i roto i ngā taiao makuku me ngā parepare, ngā hipoki rānei kua pakaru e te koroheketanga o te makuku; ka pāngia pea ngā taura ngaohiko iti i roto i ngā wāhi pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, ngā rūma poihā) e te ngoikore me te pakaru.
Huarahi Tika: Whakamāramahia ngā tikanga tāutanga — ngā taura ārai mō te tāutanga tanumia, ngā taura ārai ātete wai mō raro i te wai, ngā rauemi pāmahana teitei (XLPE ≥90℃) mō ngā taiao wera, ngā koti ātete waikura i roto i ngā wheketere matū.
(3) Te kore aro ki te whakataurite i te "Raukaha Kawe-Au me te Tikanga Whakatakoto"
Whakaaro hē: Arotahi ki te taumata ngaohiko anake, kaua e aro ki te kaha o te iahiko taura (te iahiko mōrahi e whakaaetia ana) me te pēhi/piko rawa rānei i te wā e whakatakotoria ana.
Mōrearea: Ka wera rawa te hiko i te kore e ranea te kaha o te iahiko, ā, ka tere ake te tawhito o te whakamarumaru; ka taea e te whānui piko kore tika o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei (hei tauira, te kume kaha, te piko nui) te kino i te parepare me te whakamarumaru, ka puta he mōrearea pakaru.
Huarahi Tika: Kōwhiria ngā whakatakotoranga taura i runga i te iahiko tūturu kua tatauhia (whakaarohia te iahiko tīmatanga, te pāmahana taiao); kia tino whai i ngā whakaritenga mō te pūtoro piko i te wā tāutanga (ko te pūtoro piko taura ngaohiko teitei te nuinga o te wā he ≥15× te whānui o waho o te ara iahiko), karohia te pēhanga me te pānga o te rā.
3. Kia maumahara ki ngā "Ture Koura" e 3 hei karo i ngā mahanga kōwhiringa
(1) Tirohia te Hanganga ki te Ngaohiko:
Ko ngā paparanga whakamarumaru me ngā paparanga ārai taura ngaohiko-tiketike ngā mea matua; kāore e hiahiatia he hoahoa nui rawa mō ngā taura ngaohiko-iti.
(2) Whakatauritehia ngā māka kia tika:
Me ōrite te ngaohiko, te mana, me te taiao; kaua e whakapai ake, e whakaheke rānei i te taumata noa.
(3) Manatokohia ngā Taipitopito ki ngā Paerewa:
Me whai te kaha kawe iahiko, te pūtoro piko, me te taumata tiaki i ngā paerewa ā-motu — kaua e whakawhirinaki anake ki te wheako.
Wā tuku: 29 o Ākuhata-2025