Ko te muka aramid, he whakarāpopototanga mō te muka polyamide kakara, kei roto i ngā muka mahi-teitei e whā e whakatairangahia ana mō te whanaketanga i Haina, me te muka waro, te muka polyethylene taumaha-ngota tino teitei (UHMWPE), me te muka basalt. Pērā i te nairona noa, nō te whānau muka polyamide te muka aramid, me ngā hononga amide i roto i te mekameka ngota matua. Ko te rerekētanga matua kei roto i te hononga: ko ngā hononga amide o te nairona e honoa ana ki ngā rōpū aliphatic, ko ngā aramid ia e honoa ana ki ngā mowhiti benzene. Mā tēnei hanganga ngota motuhake ka hoatu ki te muka aramid te kaha axial tino teitei (>20cN/dtex) me te modulus (>500GPa), ka waiho hei rauemi pai mō te whakapakari i ngā taura teitei.
Ngā momo muka Aramid
muka aramidKei roto i te nuinga o ngā muka polyamide kakara katoa me ngā muka polyamide kakara heterocyclic, ka taea te whakarōpū anō ki te ortho-aramid, te para-aramid (PPTA), me te meta-aramid (PMTA). I roto i ēnei, ko te meta-aramid me te para-aramid ngā mea kua hangaia kia ahumahi. Mai i te tirohanga hanganga ngota, ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ēnei e rua kei te tūranga o te ngota waro i roto i te mowhiti benzene e piri ana te here amide. Ko tēnei rerekētanga hanganga ka hua ake he rerekētanga nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te pumau wera.
Para-Aramid
Ko te Para-aramid, te poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) rānei (PPTA), e mōhiotia ana i Haina ko Aramid 1414, he pūmua teitei raina me te neke atu i te 85% o ōna here amide e hono tika ana ki ngā mowhiti kakara. Ko ngā hua para-aramid tino angitu ko te Kevlar® a DuPont me te Twaron® a Teijin, e kaha ana ki te mākete o te ao. Koinei te muka tuatahi i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te otinga hurihuri pūmua tioata wai, e arahi ana i tētahi wā hou o ngā muka hangai mahi-teitei. Mō ngā āhuatanga miihini, ka taea e tōna kaha kume te eke ki te 3.0–3.6 GPa, te modulus elastic 70–170 GPa, me te elongation i te whati 2–4%. Mā ēnei āhuatanga tino pai ka hoatu he painga kore e taea te whakakapi i roto i te whakapakari taura whatu, te tiaki ballistic, me ētahi atu mara.
Meta-Aramid
Ko te Meta-aramid, te poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) rānei (PMTA), e mōhiotia ana i Haina ko Aramid 1313, he muka rauropi ātete-mahana teitei matua. Ko tōna hanganga ngota he mea hanga mai i ngā rōpū amide e hono ana i ngā mowhiti meta-phenylene, e hanga ana i tētahi mekameka raina zigzag kua whakauhia e ngā here hauwai kaha i roto i tētahi whatunga 3D. Mā tēnei hanganga ka whakawhiwhia te muka ki te ātete mura, te pumau wera, me te ātete irahiko. Ko tētahi hua noa ko te Nomex® a DuPont, me te Taupū Hāora Whakawhāiti (LOI) o te 28–32, he pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe tata ki te 275°C, me te pāmahana ratonga tonu i runga ake i te 200°C, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taura ātete-ahi me ngā rauemi whakamahana pāmahana teitei.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tino Pai o te Muka Aramid
He tino kaha te muka aramid, he teitei te modulus, he ātete wera, he ātete waikawa me te kawakore, he iti te taumaha, he ātete ki te haumākū, he roa te ora, he pumau matū, kāore he pata rewa i te wā e tahuna ana, me ngā tukunga hau kore paitini. Mai i te tirohanga tono taura, he pai ake te para-aramid i te meta-aramid i roto i te ātete wera, me te awhe pāmahana ratonga tonu mai i te -196 ki te 204°C me te kore pirau, te rewa rānei i te 500°C. Ko ngā āhuatanga tino rongonui o te para-aramid ko te kaha tino teitei, te modulus teitei, te ātete wera, te ātete matū, me te iti o te mātotoru. Neke atu i te 25 karamu/dtex tōna kaha—5 ki te 6 ngā wā i te maitai kounga teitei, 3 ngā wā i te muka karāhe, me te rua ngā wā i te miro ahumahi nairona kaha teitei. Ko tōna modulus he 2–3 ngā wā i te maitai, i te muka karāhe rānei, me te 10 ngā wā i te nairona kaha teitei. E rua ngā wā i te waea maitai, ā, tata ki te 1/5 noa iho te taumaha, he tino pai mō te whakamahi hei whakapakari i roto i ngā taura whatu, ngā taura ruku wai, me ētahi atu momo taura teitei.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o te Muka Aramid
He pūmua ngāwari te Meta-aramid, he kaha pakaru teitei ake i te polyester noa, te miro, te nairona rānei. He tere roa, he ngawari te āhua o te ringa, he pai te hurihuri, ā, ka taea te hanga hei muka poto, hei miro rānei o ngā momo denier. Ka taea te miro hei papanga me ngā mea kore-whatu mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini kakahu paerewa, ā, ka tukatukahia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia kākahu tiaki o ngā momo ahumahi. I roto i te whakamarumaru hiko, ka kitea ngā āhuatanga ātete mura me te ātete wera o te meta-aramid. Ki te nui ake i te 28 te LOI, e kore e mura tonu i muri i te wehenga atu i te mura. Ko tōna ātete mura he mea taketake ki tōna hanganga matū, ka waiho hei ātete mura tonu - he ātete ki te ngaronga o te mahi nā te horoi, te whakamahinga roa rānei. He tino pai te pumau wera o te Meta-aramid, me te whakamahinga tonu i te 205°C me te pupuri kaha i te kaha ahakoa i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 205°C. He teitei tōna pāmahana pirau, ā, kāore e rewa, e maturuturu rānei i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka tīmata noa te waro ki runga ake i te 370°C. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka pai mō te whakamarumaru me te whakapakari i roto i ngā taura pāmahana teitei, ātete ahi rānei.
Te Pūmautanga Matū o te Muka Aramid
He tino pai te ātete o te Meta-aramid ki te nuinga o ngā matū me ngā waikawa inorganic kukū, ahakoa he tairongo ki ngā waikawa whanariki me te hauota kukū. He pai hoki te ātete ki te kawakore i te pāmahana rūma.
Te Ātete i te Irahiko o te Muka Aramid
He tino ātete te Meta-aramid ki te irahiko. Hei tauira, i raro i te pānga roa ki te mārama ultraviolet 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² me ngā hihi gamma rad 1.72×10⁸, ka noho tonu tōna kaha. Nā te ātete irahiko tino pai, he tino pai mō ngā taura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā teihana hiko karihi me ngā waka rererangi.
Te pakari o te muka Aramid
He tino pai hoki te ātete ki te pakū me te matū o te Meta-aramid. I muri i te 100 horoinga, ka mau tonu te kaha haehae taketake o te papanga i hangaia mai i te meta-aramid i hangaia i te kāinga, neke atu i te 85%. I roto i ngā tono taura, mā tēnei pakari ka mau tonu te pumau o te mahi miihini me te hiko mō te wā roa.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Muka Aramid
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te muka aramid i roto i ngā ahumahi rererangi, motuka, hikohiko, hangahanga, me ngā hākinakina o Haina nā ōna āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu, te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, me te pumau matū. E kiia ana he rauemi matua mō te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi mahi teitei a meake nei. Ina koa, he mahi nui tā te aramid i roto i ngā mara o ngā taura whatu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā taura hiko, ngā taura ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, ngā taura ruku wai, me ngā taura motuhake.
Ngā Marae Rererangi me ngā Marae Hōia
He iti te matotoru o te muka aramid, he kaha teitei, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga o ngā waka rererangi, pērā i ngā anga motuka rōkete me ngā hanganga radome whānui. He tino pai te ātete pānga me te mārama o ngā ngaru hikohiko o ōna rauemi hiato, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha o te waka rererangi me te whakarei ake i te haumaru. I roto i te rāngai parepare, ka whakamahia te aramid i roto i ngā koti ārai matā, ngā potae, me ngā ipu ātete-pahū, ka waiho hei rauemi matua mō te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei o te tiaki hōia mama.
Ngā Mara Hanga me te Waka
I roto i te umanga hanga, ka whakamahia te muka aramid mō te whakapakari hanganga me ngā pūnaha taura piriti nā te mea he mama, he ngāwari, he ātete hoki ki te waikura. He tino whai hua ki te whakapakari i ngā hanganga koretake. I roto i te kawe waka, ka whakamahia te aramid ki ngā papanga taura potae mō ngā motuka me ngā waka rererangi. He kaha teitei, he ātete ki te poka, he ātete ki te wera, ā, he roa te ora o ngā potae kua whakapakarihia ki te aramid, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia mahi o ngā waka tere tere me ngā waka rererangi hou.
Ahumahi Hiko, Hikohiko, me te Taura
He tino hira ngā whakamahinga o te muka aramid i roto i ngā rāngai hanga hiko, hikohiko, me te waea me te taura, inā koa i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Ngā Mema Kume i roto i ngā Taura Whatu: Mā te kaha kume me te modulus teitei, ka mahi te muka aramid hei mema kume i roto i ngā taura whatu whakawhitiwhiti, hei tiaki i ngā muka whatu ngawari mai i te whakarerekētanga i raro i te kume, me te whakarite kia pumau te tuku tohu.
Te Whakakaha i ngā Taura: I roto i ngā taura motuhake, ngā taura ruku wai, ngā taura hiko, me ngā taura ātete-mahana teitei, ka whakamahia te aramid hei huānga whakakaha matua, hei paparanga pukupuku rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whakakaha whakarewa, he kaha ake te aramid i te taumaha iti ake, e whakanui ana i te kaha kume o te taura me te pumau ā-pūkaha.
Te Ārai i te Mate me te Ārai i te Mura: He tino pai te pumau o ngā mea whakahiato aramid ki te hikohiko me te pāmahana. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā paparanga ārai taura, ngā koti ārai mura, me ngā uhi paowa iti kore-halogen. I muri i te paninga ki te wanihi ārai, ka whakakotahihia te pepa aramid ki te mika taiao hei whakamahi i roto i ngā motuka me ngā whakawhiti hiko ātete-mahana teitei.
Ngā Taura Ātete-Ahi me te Rerewē: Nā te ātete mura me te wera o te muka aramid, he mea tino pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taura kaipuke, ngā taura rerewē, me ngā taura ātete ahi taumata karihi, ina tino kaha ngā paerewa haumaru.
EMC me te Whakamāmā: Nā te tino mārama o te hikohiko me te iti o te pūmau dielectric o Aramid, he pai mō ngā paparanga tiaki EMI, ngā radar radar, me ngā wāhanga whakauru optoelectronic, ā, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te hototahi hikohiko me te whakaiti i te taumaha o te pūnaha.
Ētahi atu Taupānga
Nā te nui o te mowhiti kakara i roto i te muka aramid, he tino pai te pumau matū me te ātete ki te waikura, ā, he pai mō ngā taura moana, ngā taura keri hinu, me ngā taura whatu tuku i runga ake i ngā taiao uaua. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki i roto i ngā taputapu hākinakina kounga teitei, ngā taputapu tiaki, me ngā papa pērai motuka, ā, kei te piki haere te whakamahi hei huarahi pai ki te taiao hei whakakapi i te asbestos i roto i ngā tono hiri me te whakamahana, ngā panera whakamahana wera, me ētahi atu wāhanga hiri, kia pai ai te mahi me te haumaru taiao.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-31-2025