I te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic (PV) puta noa i te ao, ko ngā taura photovoltaic (taura PV)—hei wāhanga nui e hono ana i ngā kōwae PV, ngā inverter, me ngā pouaka whakakotahi—he mahi nui tā rātou ki te haumaru me te roa o te mahi o tētahi tipu hiko solar. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura hiko tuku iho, he tino motuhake ngā hoahoa hanganga me ngā kōwhiringa rauemi taura o ngā taura photovoltaic.
1. He aha te taura photovoltaic?
Ko te taura photovoltaic, e mōhiotia ana ko te taura solar, ko te taura PV-specific rānei, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko solar, ngā pūnaha photovoltaic tohatoha, me ngā whakaurunga PV tuanui. Ko ngā tauira noa ko te PV1-F me te H1Z2Z2-K, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te EN 50618 me te IEC 62930.
Nā te mea ka pā tonu ngā taura PV ki ngā taiao o waho, me mahi pono i raro i ngā pāmahana teitei, te hihi ultraviolet kaha, te pāmahana iti, te haumākū, me te pānga o te ozone. Nō reira, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi whakamahana me ngā rauemi hipoki i ērā o ngā taura noa. Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ko te ātete ki ngā pāmahana teitei me te iti, te ātete pai ki te koroheketanga UV, te ātete ki te waikura matū, te ātete ki te mura, te atawhai ki te taiao, me te roanga mahi kua hoahoatia mō te 25 tau, neke atu rānei.
2. Ngā Wero ki ngā Rauemi Taura i roto i ngā Whakamahinga Photovoltaic
I roto i ngā mahi o te ao tūturu, ka tāutahia ngā taura photovoltaic ki waho. Hei tauira, i ngā rohe o Ūropi, ka taea e te pāmahana taiao o ngā pūnaha PV te tata ki te 100°C i raro i ngā āhuatanga paki. I taua wā anō, ka pāngia ngā taura e te hihi UV mō te wā roa, te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i te awatea me te pō, me te ahotea ā-pūkaha.
I raro i ēnei āhuatanga, kāore e taea e ngā taura PVC paerewa, ngā taura rapa noa rānei te pupuri i te mahi pumau mō te wā roa. Ahakoa ngā taura rapa kua whakatauria mō te mahi 90°C, ngā taura PVC rānei kua whakatauria mō te 70°C, ka ngāwari ki te tawhito te whakamarumaru, te pakaru o te papa, me te heke tere o te mahi ina whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha photovoltaic o waho, ka whakapotohia te roa o te mahi a te pūnaha.
3. Te Mahi Matua o ngā Taura Photovoltaic: Ngā Rauemi Whakamarumaru me te Whakakī Motuhake
Ko ngā painga matua o ngā taura photovoltaic e ahu mai ana i ngā matū whakamarumaru motuhake ki te PV me ngā matū hipoki. Ko te pūnaha rauemi matua e whakamahia ana i ēnei rā ko te polyolefin hono-ira, e hangai ana ki te polyethylene (PE) kounga teitei, ki ētahi atu polyolefin rānei.
Mā te whakamātao irahiko-hiko, ka honoa ngā mekameka ngota o te rauemi, ka hurihia te hanganga mai i te kirihou wera ki te kirihou wera. Mā tēnei tukanga ka tino whakarei ake i te ātete wera, te ātete koroheketanga, me te mahi miihini. Mā ngā rauemi polyolefin hono-irahiko ka taea e ngā taura photovoltaic te mahi tonu i te 90–120°C, me te whakarato hoki i te ngāwari pai ki te pāmahana iti, te ātete UV, te ātete ozone, me te ātete ki te pakaru o te ahotea taiao. Hei tāpiri, kāore he halogen i roto i ēnei rauemi, ā, he rite ki te taiao.
4. Whakataurite Hanganga me Rauemi: Ngā Taura Photovoltaic me ngā Taura Tikanga
4.1 Hanganga me ngā Rauemi Noa o ngā Taura Photovoltaic
Kaiārahi: Kaiārahi parahi kua whakawerahia, kaiārahi parahi kēne rānei, e whakakotahi ana i te kawe hiko teitei me te ātete ki te waikura
Paparanga Ārai: Pūhui ārai polyolefin honohono-ira (rauemi ārai motuhake ki te taura PV)
Paparanga Uwhi: He matū uhi polyolefin honohono-ira, e whakarato ana i te tiakitanga o waho mō te wā roa
4.2 Hanganga me ngā Rauemi Noa o ngā Taura Tuku Iho
Kaiārahi: Kaiārahi parahi, kaiārahi parahi tine rānei
Paparanga Ārai: He matū ārai PVC, he mea rāneiXLPE (polyethylene honohono)matū whakamātao
Paparanga o te Uwhi:PVCmatū whakakikorua
5. Ngā Rerekētanga Mahi Taketake i Huaina e te Kōwhiringa Rauemi
Mai i te tirohanga a te kaiārahi hiko, he rite tonu ngā taura photovoltaic me ngā taura tuku iho. Ko ngā rerekētanga matua kei roto i te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi whakamahana me ngā rauemi hipoki.
Ko ngā matū whakamarumaru PVC me ngā matū hipoki PVC e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taura tuku iho he mea pai mō roto i ngā taiao o roto, o ngā taiao ngawari rānei, he iti noa te ātete ki te wera, te pānga o te UV, me te koroheketanga. He rerekē, ko ngā matū whakamarumaru polyolefin me ngā matū hipoki polyolefin e hono ana i te hihi i whakamahia i roto i ngā taura photovoltaic he mea hanga motuhake mō te mahi o waho mō te wā roa, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te mahi hiko me te miihini pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino.
Nō reira, ahakoa mā te whakakapi i ngā taura photovoltaic ki ngā taura tuku iho ka whakaiti i ngā utu tīmatanga, ka nui ake ngā mōrearea tiaki, ā, ka whakapoto i te roanga o te ora mahi o te pūnaha photovoltaic.
6. Whakatau: Ko te Kōwhiringa Rauemi te Mea e Whakatau ana i te Pono o ngā Pūnaha PV mō te Wā Roa
Ehara ngā taura photovoltaic i te whakakapi noa i ngā taura noa, engari he hua taura motuhake i hangaia mō ngā tono photovoltaic. Ko te pono o ēnei taura mō te wā roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi whakamahana taura PV mahi-teitei me ngā rauemi hipoki, inā koa te whakamahinga tika o ngā pūnaha rauemi polyolefin whakawhiti-ira.
Mō ngā kaihoahoa pūnaha PV, ngā kaiwhakauru, me ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi taura, he mea nui te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā rerekētanga taumata-rauemi i waenga i ngā taura photovoltaic me ngā taura tuku iho kia pai ai te mahi haumaru, te pumau, me te roa o ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-31-2025