I roto i ngā hua waea me te taura, ka wehea ngā hanganga ārai ki ngā ariā e rua: te ārai hikohiko me te ārai mara hiko. Ko te ārai hikohiko te mea matua e whakamahia ana hei ārai i ngā taura tohu auau-tiketike (pērā i ngā taura RF me ngā taura hiko) kei whakararuraru i te taiao o waho, hei ārai rānei i ngā ngaru hikohiko o waho kei whakararuraru i ngā taura e tuku ana i ngā iahiko ngoikore (pērā i ngā taura tohu me ngā taura ine), me te whakaiti i te whakararuraru i waenga i ngā taura. Ko te ārai mara hiko, i tētahi atu taha, he mea hanga hei whakataurite i ngā mara hiko kaha i runga i te mata o te arataki, i te mata ārai rānei o ngā taura hiko ngaohiko-waenga me te ngaohiko-tiketike.
1. Hanganga me ngā Whakaritenga o ngā Paparanga Parenga Hiko
Ka wehea te parenga o ngā taura hiko ki te parenga ara iahiko, te parenga ārai, me te parenga whakarewa. E ai ki ngā paerewa e tika ana, me whai paparanga parenga whakarewa ngā taura he nui ake te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te 0.6/1 kV, ka taea te whakamahi ki ngā matua ārai takitahi, ki te matua taura whānui rānei. Mō ngā taura he iti rawa te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 3.6/6 kV e whakamahi ana i te ārai XLPE (polyethylene hono-whiti), ngā taura rānei he iti rawa te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 3.6/6 kV e whakamahi ana i te ārai angiangi EPR (rapa ethylene propylene) (he ārai matotoru rānei me te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 6/10 kV), me whai hanganga parenga haurua-ara iahiko o roto, o waho hoki.
(1) Te Parenga Arataki me te Parenga Ārai
Parenga Arataki (Parenga Arataki Ā-Roto): Me kore-whakarewa tēnei, he mea tito mai i te rauemi arataki ā-haurua kua whakapūtātia, he huinga rānei o te rīpene arataki ā-haurua kua takaihia ki te arataki, ā, me whai anō ko te rauemi arataki ā-haurua kua whakapūtātia.
Parenga Ārai (Parenga Ā-Waho Ārahi-Hauā): Ka tukuna tika atu tēnei ki te mata o waho o ia matua ārai, ā, ka piri pūmau ki te paparanga ārai, ka taea rānei te tihore mai i te paparanga ārai.
Me piri pūmau ngā paparanga haurua-arataki o roto, o waho hoki kua puta ki te ārai, kia maeneene te atanga, kāore he tohu e kitea ana i ngā taura arataki, i ngā taha koi, i ngā matūriki, i ngā wera, i ngā karawarawa rānei. Kaua te ātete i mua me muri i te koroheketanga e neke ake i te 1000 Ω·m mō te paparanga ārai arataki, ā, kaua hoki e neke ake i te 500 Ω·m mō te paparanga ārai ārai.
Mā te whakaranu i ngā rauemi ārai ā-roto, ā-waho hoki, ka hangaia ngā rauemi ārai haurua-arataki o roto, o waho hoki, i ngā rauemi ārai e rite ana (pērā i te polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE) me te rapa ethylene propylene (EPR)) me ngā tāpiringa pēnei i te pango waro, ngā kaihoko ārai-pakeke, me te copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate. Me tohatoha ōrite ngā matūriki pango waro ki roto i te polymer, me te kore e kohikohi, e marara kino rānei.
Ka piki ake te matotoru o ngā paparanga ārai hiko ā-roto, ā-waho hoki i te pikinga o te ngaohiko. Nā te mea he teitei ake te kaha o te paparanga ārai hiko i runga i te paparanga ārai hiko i roto, ā, he iti iho i waho, me matotoru ake hoki te matotoru o ngā paparanga ārai hiko ā-roto i roto, ā, me angiangi ake i waho. Mō ngā taura kua whakatauria ki te 6~10~35 kV, ko te matotoru o te paparanga o roto kei waenganui i te 0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Parenga Whakarewa
Me whai paparanga ārai whakarewa ngā taura he nui ake te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te 0.6/1 kV. Me hipoki te paparanga ārai whakarewa i te taha waho o ia matua kua whakamahanatia, o te matua taura rānei. Ka taea e te ārai whakarewa te whakauru i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā rīpene whakarewa, ngā whiri whakarewa, ngā paparanga waea whakarewa porowhita, te whakakotahitanga rānei o ngā waea whakarewa me ngā rīpene.
I Ūropi me ngā whenua whakawhanake, i te wāhi e whakamahia ana ngā pūnaha ara iahiko takirua ātete-whenua, ā, he teitei ake ngā iahiko ara iahiko poto, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te ārai waea parahi. I Haina, he maha ake ngā pūnaha tuku hiko ara iahiko kotahi e pehi ana i te pewa, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te ārai rīpene parahi. Ka tukatukahia e ngā kaihanga taura ngā rīpene parahi mārō kua hokona mā te tapahi me te whakamahana hei whakangawari i mua i te whakamahinga. Me tutuki ngā rīpene parahi ngohengohe ki te paerewa GB/T11091-2005 "Ngā Rīpene Parahi mō ngā Taura".
Me hanga te parenga rīpene parahi ki te paparanga kotahi o te rīpene parahi ngohengohe kua taupokina, kia rua rānei ngā paparanga o te rīpene parahi ngohengohe kua takai āputaputa. Ko te auau taupoki toharite me 15% o te whānui o te rīpene, me te auau taupoki iti rawa kia kaua e iti iho i te 5%. Ko te matotoru ingoa o te rīpene parahi me kaua e iti iho i te 0.12 mm mō ngā taura matua-kotahi, ā, me kaua e iti iho i te 0.10 mm mō ngā taura matua-maha. Ko te matotoru iti rawa me kaua e iti iho i te 90% o te uara ingoa.
Ko te ārai waea parahi he mea hanga ki ngā waea parahi ngohengohe e takai korekore ana, me te mata e mau ana ki ngā waea parahi, ki ngā rīpene rānei kua takai whakamuri. Me tutuki tōna ātete ki te paerewa GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", ā, me whakatau tōna horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga i runga i te kaha o te iahiko hapa.
2. Ngā Mahi a ngā Paparanga Parepare me ō rātou Hononga ki ngā Whakatauranga Ngaohiko
(1) Ngā Mahi a te Parepare Ā-Waho me te Parepare Ā-Haurua
Ko ngā taura kawe he mea hanga mai i ngā waea maha kua herea, kua whakakīia hoki. I te wā e whakaputa ana i te whakamarumaru, ka taea e ngā āputa ā-rohe, ngā pūwero, ngā mata rerekē rānei i waenganui i te mata o te taura kawe me te paparanga whakamarumaru te whakapūmau i te papa hiko, ka hua ake he tukunga wāhanga me te tukunga rākau, ka heke ai te mahi hiko. Mā te whakaputa i tētahi paparanga rauemi haurua-kawe (te ārai taura kawe) i waenganui i te mata o te taura kawe me te paparanga whakamarumaru, ka taea te piri pūmau ki te whakamarumaru. Nā te mea he rite te kaha o te paparanga haurua-kawe ki te taura kawe, kāore ngā āputa i waenganui i a rātou e pāngia e ngā pānga papa hiko, ā, ka ārai i te tukunga wāhanga.
Waihoki, ko ngā āputa i waenganui i te mata whakamarumaru o waho me te uhi whakarewa (te parenga whakarewa rānei) ka arahi pea ki te tukunga haurua, inā koa i ngā whakatauranga ngaohiko teitei ake. Mā te whakaputa i tētahi paparanga o te rauemi haurua-arataki (parenga whakamarumaru) ki runga i te mata whakamarumaru o waho, ka hangaia he mata ōrite-pūmanawa me te uhi whakarewa, ka whakakore i ngā pānga o te mara hiko i roto i ngā āputa, ā, ka ārai i te tukunga haurua.
(2) Ngā Mahi a te Parenga Whakarewa
Ko ngā mahi a te parenga whakarewa ko: te kawe i ngā iahiko kaha i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, te mahi hei ara mō ngā iahiko poto-ara (hapa), te here i te papa hiko i roto i te whakamarumaru (te whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko ki te taiao o waho), me te whakarite i ngā papa hiko ōrite (ngā papa hiko radial). I roto i ngā pūnaha waea-whā-wāhanga-toru, ka mahi anō hoki hei raina kūpapa, e kawe ana i ngā iahiko kore taurite, ā, ka whakarato i te ārai wai radial.
3. Mō OW Cable
Hei kaiwhakarato matua mō ngā rauemi mata mō te waea me te taura, ka whakaratohia e OW Cable te polyethylene hono-whiti kounga teitei (XLPE), ngā rīpene parahi, ngā waea parahi, me ētahi atu rauemi whakamarumaru e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga taura hiko, taura whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā taura motuhake. E tutuki ana ā mātou hua i ngā paerewa o te ao, ā, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā otinga whakamarumaru taura pono ki ā mātou kiritaki.
Wā tuku: Maehe-24-2025