I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko hou, he mea nui te mahi a ngā taura hiko-teitei. Mai i ngā whatunga hiko o raro whenua i ngā tāone nui ki ngā raina tuku hiko tawhiti puta noa i ngā maunga me ngā awa, ka whakarite ngā taura hiko-teitei i te tuku hiko pai, pumau me te haumaru. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā hangarau maha e pā ana ki ngā taura hiko-teitei, tae atu ki tōna hanganga, te whakarōpūtanga, te tukanga hanga, ngā āhuatanga mahi, te tāutanga me te tiaki.
1. Hanganga taketake o ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike
Ko ngā taura ngaohiko teitei te nuinga he mea hanga mai i ngā ara iahiko, ngā paparanga whakamarumaru, ngā paparanga tiaki me ngā paparanga tiaki.
Ko te ara iahiko te hongere tuku hiko, ā, he mea hanga ki te parahi, ki te konumohe rānei. He pai te ara iahiko me te ngāwari o te parahi, engari he iti te utu me te mama o te konumohe. Ko ēnei ara iahiko he waea miro maha-aho hei whakanui ake i te ngāwari.
Ko te paparanga ārai he wāhanga matua o te taura ngaohiko-tiketike, e whai wāhi ana ki te aukati i te turuturu o te iahiko me te wehe i te ara iahiko mai i te ao o waho. Ko ngā rauemi ārai noa ko te polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE), te pepa hinu, me ētahi atu. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga hiko o te XLPE, te ātete wera me te kaha miihini, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike o ēnei rā.
Kua wehea te paparanga ārai ki te ārai o roto me te ārai o waho. Ka whakamahia te ārai o roto hei hanga i te paparanga hiko kia ōrite, hei ārai hoki i te pakaru o te paparanga ārai i te tukunga o te hiko ā-rohe; ka taea e te ārai o waho te whakaiti i te pokanoa o te paparanga hiko o waho ki te taura, ā, ka ārai hoki i te pānga hiko o te taura ki te ao o waho.
Ko te paparanga tiaki te nuinga o te tiaki i te taura mai i ngā kino o waho pērā i te kino miihini, te waikura matū me te urunga mai o te wai. Ko te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga mai i te pukupuku whakarewa me te takotoranga o waho. Ka taea e te pukupuku whakarewa te whakarato i te kaha miihini, ā, he mahi ātete wai me te ārai waikura te takotoranga o waho.
2. Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike
E ai ki te taumata ngaohiko, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike ki ngā taura ngaohiko-waenga (te nuinga o te wā 3-35kV), ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike (35-110kV), ngā taura ngaohiko-tino-tiketike (110-500kV) me ngā taura ngaohiko-tino-tiketike (neke atu i te 500kV). He rerekē ngā taura o ngā taumata ngaohiko rerekē i roto i te hoahoa hanganga, ngā whakaritenga whakamarumaru, me ētahi atu.
Mai i te tirohanga o ngā rauemi ārai, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā taura XLPE me ngā taura pepa-hinu kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei, kei reira anō ngā taura rapa ethylene-propylene. He roa te hītori o ngā taura pepa-hinu, engari nā te nui o ngā utu tiaki me ētahi atu take, kua āta whakakapia e ngā taura XLPE. He pai te ngāwari me te ātete ki te huarere o te taura rapa ethylene propylene, ā, he pai mō ētahi huihuinga motuhake.
3. Te tukanga hanga o te taura ngaohiko-tiketike
He tukanga uaua, ātaahua hoki te hanga taura ngaohiko-tiketike.
Ko te hanga o ngā ara iahiko, me totoro, me miro, me whakamahi i ētahi atu tukanga hei whakarite i te tika o ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te ara iahiko. I te wā e mirohia ana, me whakarite kia tata ngā aho o ngā aho hei whakapai ake i te kawe hiko o te ara iahiko.
Ko te whakaputanga o te paparanga whakamarumaru tētahi o ngā mahi matua. Mō te paparanga whakamarumaru XLPE, ka whakaputangahia te rauemi XLPE i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ka takaihia kia ōrite ki runga i te ara iahiko. I te wā o te tukanga whakaputanga, me tino whakahaere ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te tere whakaputanga kia rite ai te kounga me te matotoru o te paparanga whakamarumaru.
Ko te paparanga ārai he mea hanga mā te whatu waea whakarewa, mā te takai rīpene whakarewa rānei. He rerekē te tukanga hanga o ngā ārai o roto, o waho hoki, engari me whakarite kia mau tonu te paparanga ārai me te hononga hiko pai.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te hanga o te paparanga tiaki ko te whakatakotoranga o te pukupuku whakarewa me te whakaputa i te uhi o waho. Me piri te pukupuku whakarewa ki te taura, ā, me whakarite te whakaputanga o te uhi o waho kia maeneene te āhua, kāore he hapa pēnei i te mirumiru me te ngatata.
4. Ngā āhuatanga mahi o ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike
Mō te mahi hiko, me nui te ātete whakamarumaru, te iti o te ngaronga hiko, me te pai o te ātete ngaohiko o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei. Ka taea e te ātete whakamarumaru teitei te ārai i te turuturu o te iahiko, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga o te pūngao hiko i te wā e tukuna ana te hiko mā te iti o te ngaronga hiko, ā, mā te pai o te ātete ngaohiko ka taea e te taura te mahi haumaru i roto i te taiao ngaohiko teitei.
Mō ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, me rawaka te kaha kume, te whānui piko me te ātete pānga o te taura. I te wā tāutanga me te whakahaere, ka pāngia pea te taura e te totoro, te piko me te pānga o waho. Ki te kore e ranea ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ka ngāwari te pakaru o te taura.
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi wera. Ka whakaputa wera te taura i te wā e whakamahia ana, inā koa i raro i te kawenga nui. Nō reira, me ātete pai te taura ki te wera, ā, me kaha ki te mahi noa i roto i tētahi awhe pāmahana me te kore he raruraru pēnei i te koroheketanga o te whakamarumaru. He pai te ātete wera o te taura XLPE, ā, ka taea te mahi mō te wā roa i ngā pāmahana teitei ake.
5. Te tāutanga me te tiaki i ngā taura ngaohiko teitei
Mō te tāutanga, ko te mea tuatahi ko te whakamahere i te ara kia tika, kia haumaru hoki te ara whakatakoto taura. I te wā e whakatakoto ana, me āta tupato kia kaua e totoro rawa, e piko, e whakatōtō hoki te taura. Mō te whakatakoto taura tawhiti, ka whakamahia ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā kaikawe taura hei āwhina i te hanga.
He hononga matua te hanga hononga taura i roto i te tukanga tāutanga. Ka pā tika te kounga o te hononga ki te pono o te mahi a te taura. I te wā e hanga hononga ana, me tango te taura, me horoi, me hono, me whakamahana hoki. Me mahi ia taahiraa kia rite tonu ki ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga hiko me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te hononga i ngā whakaritenga.
He mea nui te mahi tiaki mō te pumau o te mahi a ngā taura hiko-tiketike mō te wā roa. Mā te tirotiro auau ka taea te kite wawe mēnā kua pakaru te āhua o te taura, kua pakaru rānei te hipoki. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ētahi taputapu whakamātautau hei whakamātautau i te mahi whakamarumaru me te tukunga wāhanga o te taura. Mēnā ka kitea he raruraru, me whakatika, me whakakapi rānei i te wā tika.
6. Te rahunga me te kitea o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei
Ko ngā hapa noa o ngā taura ngaohiko teitei ko te pakaru o te whakamarumaru, te momotu o te ara iahiko, me te pakaru o te hononga. Tērā pea ka puta te pakaru o te whakamarumaru i te tawhito o te whakamarumaru, te tukunga wāhanga, te ngaohiko nui o waho rānei. Ko te momotu o te ara iahiko te take o te kaha ā-waho, te taumaha roa rānei. Tērā pea ka puta te pakaru o te hononga i te tukanga hanga hononga ngoikore, i te wera nui rānei i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Hei kimi i ēnei hapa, he maha ngā tikanga kimi. Ko te kimi i te tukunga hapa he tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Mā te kimi i te tohu i puta mai i te tukunga hapa i roto i te taura, ka taea te whakatau mēnā he hapa ārai kei roto i te taura. Ka taea e te whakamātautau ngaohiko ātete te kimi i te kaha ngaohiko ātete o te taura me te kimi i ngā raruraru ārai pea. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te hangarau whakaahua wera infrared te kimi i te tohatoha pāmahana i runga i te mata o te taura, kia kitea ai mēnā he raruraru kei roto i te taura pēnei i te wera nui o te rohe.
7. Te ia o te tono me te whanaketanga o ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko
I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā taura hiko-teitei i roto i te whakawhiti whatunga hiko o ngā tāone, ngā raina hiko e puta atu ana i ngā teihana hiko nui, te tuku taura raro i te wai me ētahi atu mara. I roto i ngā whatunga hiko o ngā tāone, nā te iti o te wāhi, ka taea e te whakamahinga o ngā taura raro i te wai te penapena wāhi me te whakapai ake i te ataahua o te tāone. Ko ngā raina hiko e puta atu ana i ngā teihana hiko nui me whakamahi i ngā taura hiko-teitei hei tuku hiko ki ngā teihana hiko tawhiti. Ka taea e te tuku taura raro i te wai te whakatutuki i te tuku hiko whakawhiti-moana me te whakarato i te putunga hiko pumau mō ngā moutere me ngā rohe takutai.
I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau hiko, kua whakaatuhia hoki ētahi au whanaketanga o ngā taura hiko-teitei. Ko tētahi ko te rangahau me te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā taura he teitei ake ngā taumata hiko. I te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te tuku hiko tawhiti, ka noho ko te whanaketanga o ngā taura hiko-tino teitei hei arotahi. Ko te tuarua ko te mohio o ngā taura. Mā te whakauru i ngā pūoko me ētahi atu taputapu ki roto i te taura, ka taea te whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o te tūnga mahi o te taura me te whakatūpato hapa, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pono o te mahi o te taura. Ko te tuatoru ko te whanaketanga o ngā taura e pai ana ki te taiao. I te pikinga ake o ngā hiahia o te tangata mō te tiaki taiao, ko te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi taura iti-parahanga, ka taea te hangarua hei huarahi whanaketanga ā muri ake nei.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-24-2024