He kupu poto: Ko te maataapono honohono, te whakarōpūtanga, te hanga, te tukanga me nga taputapu o te silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating material mo te waea me te taura kua whakamaarama pototia, me etahi ahuatanga o te silane he mea hono-whakawhiti i te polyethylene insulating i roto i te tono me te whakamahi hoki. Ko nga mea e pa ana ki te ahuatanga honohono o te rauemi ka whakauruhia.
Keywords: Silane cross-linking; Te honohono-a-taiao; Polyethylene; Wewete; Waea me te taura
Ko nga rauemi taura polyethylene hono-whiti a Silane kua whakamahia nuitia inaianei i roto i te umanga waea me te umanga taura hei taonga whakamaarama mo nga taura hiko iti-ngaohiko. Ko nga mea i roto i te hanga o te waea-whakawhiti me te taura, me te peroxide cross-linking me te irradiation cross-linking whakaritea ki nga taputapu hangahanga e hiahiatia ana he maamaa, he ngawari ki te whakahaere, he iti te utu whanui me etahi atu painga, kua riro hei rauemi matua mo te iti. -ngaohiko taura hono-whakawhiti me te whakamatao.
1.Silane rauemi taura whiti-hono te kaupapa here
E rua nga tikanga matua mo te hanga polyethylene honohono-whiti: te grafting me te hono-whakawhiti. I roto i te tukanga grafting, ka ngaro te waerau i tana H-ngota i runga i te ngota waro tuatoru i raro i te mahi a te kaikokiri kore utu me te pyrolysis ki roto i nga rauropi kore utu, ka tauhohe ki te roopu - CH = CH2 o te vinyl silane ki te whakaputa i te waerau kua honoa kei roto he haukawa trioxysilyl. roopu. I roto i te tukanga whakawhiti, ka whakamarohia te polymer graft i te tuatahi ki te aroaro o te wai hei whakaputa i te silanol, a ko te - OH ka whakapiri ki te roopu Si-OH e tata ana ki te hanga i te hononga Si-O-Si, na reira ka whakawhiti i te polymer. macromolecules.
2.Silane rauemi taura whiti-hono me tona tikanga hanga taura
Kei te mohio koe, e rua nga waahanga me nga tikanga hanga kotahi mo nga taura hono-silane me o raatau taura. Ko te rereketanga i waenga i te tikanga e rua-taahiraa me te tikanga kotahi-taahiraa kei roto i te waahi e mahia ai te mahi grafting silane, te mahi grafting i te kaihanga rauemi taura mo te tikanga e rua-taahiraa, ko te mahi grafting i roto i te tipu hanga taura mo te tikanga kotahi-taahiraa. Ko nga mea e kiia nei ko A me B ko nga mea e kiia nei ko A ko te polyethylene i honoa ki te silane me nga mea B ko te puranga matua whakakorikori. Ka honoa te uho whakamatao ki te wai mahana, ki te mamaoa ranei.
He momo ano o te rua-step silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator, kei reira te hanga o te rauemi A i roto i te huarahi rereke, ma te whakauru tika i te vinyl silane ki roto i te polyethylene i te wa o te whakahiato kia whiwhi polyethylene me nga mekameka manga silane.
Ko te tikanga kotahi-taahiraa e rua ano nga momo, ko te tikanga kotahi-taahiraa tuku iho he momo rauemi mata e ai ki te tauira i roto i te tauwehenga o te punaha inenga tika motuhake, ki roto i te extruder motuhake i hangaia i roto i te taahiraa kotahi ki te whakaoti i te grafting me te extrusion o taura taura matua, i roto i tenei tukanga, kahore granulation, kahore he take mo te taura rauemi tipu whai wāhi, e te wheketere taura ki te whakaoti anake. Ko tenei taputapu hanga taura hono-whakawhitinga kotahi-taahiraa me te hangarau hangai he mea kawemai mai i tawahi me te utu nui.
Ko tetahi atu momo o tetahi-step silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation material e hangaia ana e nga kaihanga rauemi taura, ko nga rauemi mata katoa e ai ki te tauira i roto i te ōwehenga o te tikanga motuhake mo te whakaranu tahi, kikii ka hokona, kaore he rauemi A me te B. rauemi, ka taea e te tipu taura kia tika i roto i te extruder ki te whakaoti i te taahiraa i te wa ano grafting me te tangohanga o te taura marara matua. Ko te ahuatanga motuhake o tenei tikanga ko te kore e hiahiatia mo nga taputapu motuhake utu nui, na te mea ka taea te whakaoti i te mahi grafting silane i roto i te extruder PVC noa, a ko te tikanga e rua-taahiraa ka whakakore i te hiahia ki te whakauru i nga rauemi A me B i mua i te tangohanga.
3. Hangahanga hanga
Ko te hanga o nga rauemi taura polyethylene hono-whiti silane kei te nuinga o te waa ko te kapia rauemi turanga, te kaitahuri, te silane, te antioxidant, te aukati polymerization, te whakakorikori, me era atu.
(1) Ko te kapia turanga he kapia polyethylene (LDPE) iti me te taurangi whakarewa (MI) o te 2, engari no tata nei, na te whanaketanga o te hangarau kapia waihanga me nga taumahatanga utu, ko te polyethylene iti kiato (LLDPE) kua hoki. ka whakamahia, he waahanga ranei hei kapia turanga mo tenei rawa. Ko nga kapia rereke ka pa nui ki te hono me te honohono na te rereke o te hanganga macromolecular o roto, no reira ka whakarereketia te hanga ma te whakamahi i nga kapia turanga rereke, i te momo kapia ano mai i nga kaihanga rereke.
(2) Ko te kaitakawaenga e whakamahia nuitia ana ko te diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), ko te mea nui ko te kapo i te nui o te raru, he iti rawa kia kore e ranea te grafting silane; nui rawa ki te meinga polyethylene ripeka-hononga, e whakaiti tona wai, te mata o te matua marara extruded taratara, uaua ki te kotēhia pūnaha. I te mea he iti, he tairongo hoki te nui o te kaikokiri i tapirihia, he mea nui kia marara kia rite, no reira ka honoa tahi me te silane.
(3) I te nuinga o te wa ka whakamahia te Silane vinyl unsaturated silane, tae atu ki te vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) me te vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), na te tere o te hydrolysis o te A2171, na reira whiriwhirihia te A2171 kia maha ake nga tangata. Waihoki, he raruraru ki te taapiri i te silane, kei te ngana nga kaihanga rauemi taura o naianei ki te whakatutuki i tana rohe iti hei whakaiti i nga utu, na te mea kei te kawemai te silane, he nui ake te utu.
(4) Ko te Anti-oxidant ko te whakarite i te pumau o te tukatuka polyethylene me te taura anti-hoholo me te taapiri, ko te anti-oxidant i roto i te mahi silane grafting te mahi o te aukati i te tauhohenga grafting, na te mahi grafting, te taapiri o te anti-oxidant. kia tūpato, te moni tāpiri ki te whakaaro te nui o DCP ki te ōrite te kōwhiringa. I roto i nga waahanga e rua-taahiraa, ka taea te taapiri i te nuinga o te antioxidant ki roto i te roopu rangatira whakakorikori, ka taea te whakaiti i te paanga ki te mahi grafting. I roto i te tukanga honohono kotahi-taahiraa, kei roto te antioxidant i roto i te katoa o te mahi grafting, no reira he mea nui ake te whiriwhiri o nga momo me te nui. Ko nga antioxidants e whakamahia ana ko te 1010, 168, 330, etc.
(5) Ka taapirihia te aukati polymerization ki te aukati i etahi mahi honohono me te whakawhiti hononga o nga tauhohenga taha ka puta, i roto i te mahi grafting ki te taapiri i tetahi kaihoko anti-whakawhitiwhiti, ka taea te whakaiti i te puta o te hononga whakawhiti C2C, na reira ka pai ake. te fluidity tukatuka, i roto i te tua, te tāpiritanga o te graft i roto i te taua tikanga ka i mua i te hydrolysis o silane i runga i te inhibitor polymerization taea whakaiti i te hydrolysis o te polyethylene honoa, ki te whakapai ake i te pūmautanga wā roa o te rauemi graft.
(6) Ko nga kaiwhakatuma he mea pärönaki organotin (haunga mo te honohono-a-taiao), ko te mea tino noa ko te dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), ka taapirihia ki te ahua o te masterbatch. I roto i te tukanga e rua-taahiraa, ko te graft (A rawa) me te whakakorikori matua puranga (B material) ka takai motuhake, ka konatunatua nga rauemi A me B i mua i te taapiri atu ki te extruder hei aukati i te honohono o mua o te rauemi A. I roto i te keehi o nga whakamaarama polyethylene hono-whakawhitinga kotahi-taahiraa, ko te polyethylene i roto i te kete kaore ano kia honoa, na reira kaore he raru o mua-whakawhitinga na reira kaore e hiahiatia te whakakorikori kia takai motuhake.
I tua atu, kei te waatea nga silane whakahiato i runga i te maakete, ko te whakakotahitanga o te silane, te kaikorero, te antioxidant, etahi hinu whakahinuhinu me nga kaihoko anti-parahi, a ka whakamahia i roto i nga tikanga hono-whiti-whiti-silane kotahi i roto i nga tipu taura.
Na reira, ko te hanga o te silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation, ko te hanganga o aua mea kaore e kiia he tino uaua me te waatea i roto i nga korero e tika ana, engari ko nga hangahanga whakaputa e tika ana, i raro i etahi whakarereketanga kia tutuki ai, e hiahia ana ki te katoa. te mohio ki te waahi o nga waahanga i roto i te hanganga me te ture mo o raatau paanga ki te mahi me o raatau awe tahi.
I roto i te maha o nga momo rauemi taura, ko nga mea taura hono-whiti silane (he rua-taahiraa, kotahi-taahiraa ranei) e kiia ana koinei anake te momo momo tukanga matū ka puta i roto i te tangohanga, etahi atu momo penei i te polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rauemi taura me polyethylene (PE) rauemi taura, te tukanga granulation Tangohanga ko te tukanga ranu tinana, ahakoa te matū ripeka-hononga me te irradiation ripeka-hono rauemi taura, ahakoa i roto i te tukanga granulation extrusion, ranei pūnaha extrusion Cable, kahore he tukanga matū puta. , na, i roto i te whakatairite, te hanga o te silane ripeka-hono rauemi taura me te taura marara extrusion, te mana tukanga he nui ake.
4. E rua-taahiraa silane-whakawhiti-hononga polyethylene tukanga hanga whakamatao
Ko te tukanga whakaputa o te rua-taahiraa silane-whakawhitinga polyethylene insulation A ka taea te whakaatu poto i tetahi rauemi e te Whakaahua 1.
Whakaahua 1 Te tukanga whakaputa o nga mea whakaahuru polyethylene hono-whiti-rua A
Ko etahi o nga mea nui i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te whakamau polyethylene hono-whiti-rua-waahi:
(1) Te whakamaroke. I te mea he iti te wai i roto i te kapia polyethylene, ka pehia i te wera nui, ka tere te urupare o te wai me nga roopu silyl ki te whakaputa i te hononga-whakawhitinga, e whakaiti ana i te rere o te rewa me te whakaputa i te hononga o mua. He wai ano nga mea kua oti i muri i te whakamatao o te wai, ka taea hoki te hono-mua ki te kore e tangohia, me whakamaroke hoki. Hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakamaroke, ka whakamahia he waahanga whakamaroke hohonu.
(2) Ineine. I te mea he mea nui te tika o te hanga rauemi, ka whakamahia te tauine taumaha-mate-taimaha kawemai. Ko te kapia polyethylene me te antioxidant ka inehia ka whangaihia ma te tauranga whangai o te extruder, i te wa e werohia ana te silane me te kaitakawaenga e te papu wai i roto i te peera tuarua, tuatoru ranei o te extruder.
(3) Te grafting Tangohanga. Ka oti te mahi grafting o te silane i roto i te extruder. Ko nga tautuhinga tukanga o te extruder, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te whakakotahitanga o te wiri, te tere o te wiri me te tere o te whangai, me whai i te kaupapa ka taea te rewa katoa nga mea kei te waahanga tuatahi o te extruder, me te whakakotahitanga rite, i te wa e kore e hiahiatia te pirau o mua o te peroxide. , a ko nga mea tino rite o te waahanga tuarua o te kaihoroi me tino pakaru, ka oti te mahi hono, ka whakaatuhia nga wera o te waahanga extruder (LDPE) ki te Ripanga 1.
Ripanga 1 Nga pāmahana o nga waahi whakamohoatanga-rua
| Rohe mahi | Rohe 1 | Rohe 2 | Rohe 3 ① | Rohe 4 | Rohe 5 |
| Pāmahana P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Rohe mahi | Rohe 6 | Rohe 7 | Rohe 8 | Rohe 9 | Ka mate te waha |
| Te pāmahana °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
①ko te waahi ka taapirihia te silane.
Ko te tere o te hurihanga extruder e whakatau ana i te wa noho me te ranunga o nga rauemi kei roto i te extruder, mena he poto te wa noho, kaore i oti te pirau peroxide; ki te mea he roa rawa te wa noho, ka piki ake te viscosity o nga mea kua tangohia. I roto i te whānui, te wa noho toharite o te granule i roto i te extruder kia whakahaeretia i roto i te initiator pirau hawhe-ora o 5-10 wa. Ko te tere whangai ehara i te mea he paanga ki te wa noho o te rauemi, engari ano hoki mo te whakaranu me te kutikuti o nga rawa, ko te whiriwhiri i te tere kai tika he mea tino nui ano hoki.
(4) Whakapaipai. E rua-taahiraa silane nga mea whakaahuru hono-whakawhiti me whakakoi ki roto i nga peeke hiato konumohe-kirihou ki te hau tika hei whakakore i te makuku.
5. Kotahi-taahiraa silane whakawhiti-hono polyethylene tukanga hanga rauemi insulating
One-step silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation material because of its grafting process is in the cable factory extrusion of cable insulation core, na reira he tino teitei ake i te tikanga e rua-taahiraa te pāmahana toronga o te taura. Ahakoa kua tino whakaarohia te tauira whakamaarama polyethylene polyethylene honohono kotahi-taahiraa i roto i te tere o te marara o te initiator me te silane me te kutikuti rauemi, engari me whakapumau te tukanga grafting e te pāmahana, ko te polyethylene hono-whakawhitinga kotahi-step. He maha nga wa i whakanuia e te tipu whakangao whakamatao te hiranga o te kowhiringa tika o te pāmahana tangohanga, ka whakaatuhia te pāmahana tangohanga whanui i te Ripanga 2.
Ripanga 2 Kotahi-step extruder pāmahana o ia rohe (wae: ℃ )
| Rohe | Rohe 1 | Rohe 2 | Rohe 3 | Rohe 4 | Flange | Upoko |
| Te pāmahana | 160 | 190 | 200～210 | 220～230 | 230 | 230 |
Koinei tetahi o nga ngoikoretanga o te tukanga polyethylene hono-whakawhitinga-a-tetahi-taahiraa, kaore e hiahiatia ana i te wa e tango ana i nga taura kia rua nga kaupae.
6.Nga taputapu whakaputa
Ko nga taputapu whakaputa he tohu nui mo te mana whakahaere. Ko te hanga o nga taura honohono-silane e hiahia ana kia tino tika te mana whakahaere, no reira he mea nui te kowhiringa o nga taputapu whakaputa.
Ko te hanga o te rua-taahiraa silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation rauemi He taputapu hanga rauemi, i tenei wa ake isotropic whakarara whakarara mahanga extruder ki kawemai taimaha kore taimaha, ka taea e enei whakaaro te whakatutuki i nga whakaritenga o te mana whakahaere tika, te whiriwhiri o te roa me te diameter o te extruder māhanga-wiri ki te whakarite i te wa noho rauemi, te kōwhiringa o kawemai taimaha kore ki te whakarite i te tika o te kai. Ko te tikanga he maha nga korero mo nga taputapu e tika ana kia aro nui.
Ka rite ki te korero i mua ake nei, ko nga taputapu hanga taura hono-whakawhitinga kotahi-taahiraa i roto i te tipu taura he mea kawemai, he utu nui, he kore utu nga kaihanga taputapu whare e rite ana ki nga taputapu whakaputa, ko te take ko te kore o te mahi tahi i waenga i nga kaihanga taputapu me nga tauira me nga kairangahau tukanga.
7.Silane taiao-whakawhitiwhiti polyethylene rauemi whakamatao
Ka taea te hono-whakawhitinga o nga mea whakaahuru polyethylene polyethylene maaori a Silane i whakawhanakehia i nga tau tata nei ka taea te hono i raro i nga tikanga maori i roto i nga ra torutoru, kaore he mamaoa, he rumaki wai mahana ranei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tikanga whakawhiti hono silane tuku iho, ka taea e tenei rauemi te whakaiti i te mahi whakaputa mo nga kaihanga taura, ka whakaheke ake i nga utu whakaputa me te whakanui ake i te pai o te whakaputa. Ka nui haere te mohiotanga me te whakamahia e nga kaihanga taura a Silane.
I nga tau kua pahure ake nei, kua pakeke te whakamaarama polyethylene hono-a-whare o te silane a-whare, kua mahia i roto i nga rahinga nui, me etahi painga o te utu ki te whakataurite ki nga taonga kawemai.
7. 1 He whakaaro hanga mo te silane whakaahuru polyethylene honohono noa
Ko nga whakamaarama polyethylene hono-a-taiao a Silane ka hangaia i roto i te tukanga e rua-taahiraa, me te hanga ano he kapia turanga, te kaikawe, te silane, te antioxidant, te aukati polymerisation me te whakakorikori. Ko te hanga o nga insulators polyethylene hono-whiti-a-taiao mo te silane i runga i te whakanui ake i te reiti grafting silane o te rauemi A me te kowhiri i te whakakorikori pai ake i te wai mahana hiona polyethylene insulators hono. Ma te whakamahi i nga rauemi A he teitei ake te reeti hono ki te hono me te whakakorikori pai ake ka taea e te insulator polyethylene hono-whiti-silane ki te whakawhiti hono tere ahakoa i te iti o te mahana me te iti o te makuku.
Ko nga rauemi A mo te silane kawemai he mea whakahiatohia ma te copolymerization, ka taea te whakahaere i te ihirangi silane i te taumata teitei, engari he uaua te hanga o nga rauemi A me te reiti grafting teitei ma te grafting silane. Ko te kapia turanga, te kaitao me te silane e whakamahia ana i roto i te tunu me whakarereke me te whakatikatika i runga i te momo me te taapiri.
He mea nui ano te kowhiringa o te parenga me te whakarereketanga o tana inenga, na te mea ko te pikinga o te reeti hono o te silane ka nui ake nga tauhohenga taha whakawhiti CC. Hei whakapai ake i te rere o te tukatuka me te ahua o te mata o te rauemi A mo te tangohanga taura e whai ake nei, ka hiahiatia he nui o te aukati polymerization kia pai te aukati i te hononga whakawhiti CC me te whakawhiti i mua.
I tua atu, he mahi nui te whakakorikori ki te whakanui ake i te reiti honohono me te whiriwhiri hei whakakōkī whai hua kei roto nga huānga whakarewa-kore whakawhiti.
7. 2 Te wa hono o te silane kua hono noa i te polyethylene insulations
Ko te wa e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaoti i te hononga-whakawhitinga o te polyethylene polyethylene i roto i tona ahua taiao, ka whakawhirinaki ki te mahana, te makuku me te matotoru o te paparanga whakamatao. Ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana me te haumākū, ko te angiangi te matotoru o te paparanga whakamatao, te poto o te wa whakawhiti e hiahiatia ana, me te roa o te ritenga. I te mea ka rereke te pāmahana me te haumākū i ia rohe ki ia rohe, mai i tera wa ki tera wa, ahakoa i te waahi kotahi me te wa ano, ka rereke te pāmahana me te makuku i enei ra me apopo. Na reira, i te wa e whakamahia ana nga rauemi, me whakatau e te kaiwhakamahi te wa honohono i runga i te waahi o te rohe me te kaha o te pāmahana me te makuku, me te tohu o te taura me te matotoru o te paparanga whakamatao.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-13-2022