E rua ngā ariā tino rerekē o te ārai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua waea me te taura: te ārai hikohiko me te ārai mara hiko. Kua hangaia te ārai hikohiko hei ārai i ngā taura e tuku ana i ngā tohu auau-tiketike (pēnei i ngā taura RF me ngā taura hiko) kei puta he pokanoa o waho, hei ārai rānei i ngā ngaru hikohiko o waho kei pokanoa ki ngā taura e tuku ana i ngā iahiko ngoikore (pēnei i ngā taura tohu, ine rānei), me te whakaiti i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā waea. Kua hangaia te ārai mara hiko hei taurite i te mara hiko kaha i runga i te mata o te ara iahiko, i te mata whakamarumaru rānei o ngā taura hiko ngaohiko-waenga me te ngaohiko-tiketike.
1. Hanganga me ngā Whakaritenga o ngā Paparanga Parenga Hiko
Ko te ārai i ngā taura hiko ko te ārai i te ara iahiko, te ārai i te whakamarumaru, me te ārai whakarewa. E ai ki ngā paerewa e tika ana, me whai paparanga ārai whakarewa ngā taura he nui ake te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te 0.6/1kV, ka taea te whakamahi ki ia matua whakamarumaru, ki te matua taura maha-matua rānei. Mō ngā taura XLPE whakamarumaru me te ngaohiko whakatauranga kāore i raro i te 3.6/6kV me ngā taura EPR angiangi whakamarumaru me te ngaohiko whakatauranga kāore i raro i te 3.6/6kV (ngā taura matotoru whakamarumaru rānei me te ngaohiko whakatauranga kāore i raro i te 6/10kV), me whai hanganga ārai haurua-ara iahiko ā-roto, ā-waho hoki.
(1) Te Parenga Arataki me te Parenga Ārai
Me kore-whakarewa te parenga ara iahiko (te parenga ara iahiko ā-roto), he mea tito mai i te rauemi ara iahiko ā-waho kua whakapūtātia, i tētahi rīpene ara iahiko ā-waho rānei kua takaihia ki te ara iahiko, ā, me whai anō hoki he paparanga ara iahiko ā-waho kua whakapūtātia.
Ko te parepare ārai (te parepare ā-haurua o waho) he paparanga ā-haurua kore-whakarewa e tukuna tika ana ki te mata o waho o ia matua kua āraia, ka taea te hono pūmau ki te parepare, te tango rānei i te parepare. Me hono pūmau ngā paparanga ā-haurua o roto, o waho hoki kua tukuna ki te parepare, kia maeneene ngā hononga, kia kore he tohu miro e kitea ana, kia kore hoki he taha koi, he matūriki, he tohu wera, he karawarawa rānei. Kaua te ātete i mua me muri i te koroheketanga e neke ake i te 1000 Ω·m mō te paparanga parepare arataki me te 500 Ω·m mō te paparanga parepare ārai.
Mā te whakaranu i ngā rauemi whakamarumaru ā-roto, ā-waho hoki, ka hangaia ngā rauemi whakamarumaru ā-haurua-arataki (pērā i te polyethylene honohono-whiti, te rapa ethylene-propylene, me ētahi atu) me te pango waro, ngā antioxidants, te copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate, me ētahi atu tāpiringa, ka hangaia ngā matūriki pango waro kia ōrite te horapa ki roto i te polymer, me te kore e kohikohi, e kore hoki e marara te matūriki.
Ka piki ake te matotoru o ngā paparanga ārai hiko ā-roto, ā-waho hoki i te taumata ngaohiko. Nā te mea he teitei ake te kaha o te paparanga hiko i runga i te paparanga ārai hiko i roto, he iti iho i waho, me nui ake hoki te matotoru o ngā paparanga ārai hiko ā-roto i roto i waho. I mua, i hangaia te ārai hiko ā-waho kia paku matotoru ake i te mea o roto hei ārai i ngā karawarawa nā te kore e pai te whakahaere i te totohu, i ngā poka rānei i puta mai i ngā rīpene parahi tino mārō. Ināianei, mā te aroturuki totohu aunoa ipurangi me ngā rīpene parahi ngohengohe kua whakamahanahia, me hanga te paparanga ārai hiko ā-roto kia paku matotoru ake, kia rite rānei ki te paparanga o waho. Mō ngā taura 6–10–35 kV, ko te matotoru o te paparanga o roto he 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm te nuinga.
(2) Parenga Whakarewa
Ko ngā taura he nui ake te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te 0.6/1kV me whai paparanga ārai whakarewa. Me tāpiri te paparanga ārai whakarewa ki ia matua kua whakamahanatia, ki ia matua taura rānei. Me whai te ārai whakarewa i tētahi, i ētahi rānei rīpene whakarewa, i ngā whiri whakarewa, i ngā paparanga waea whakarewa porowhita, i te huinga rānei o ngā waea whakarewa me ngā rīpene whakarewa.
I Ūropi me ētahi atu whenua whakawhanake, nā te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha ara iahiko takirua ātete-whenua me ngā iahiko poto teitei ake, ka whakamahia whānuitia te ārai waea parahi. Ka whakauruhia e ētahi kaihanga ngā waea parahi ki roto i te hipoki wehewehe, ki te hipoki o waho rānei hei whakaiti i te diameter o te taura. I Haina, haunga ētahi kaupapa matua e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha ara iahiko takirua ātete-whenua, ka whakamahia e te nuinga o ngā pūnaha ngā pūhiko hiko kotahi-ara iahiko pehi-āwhata, e whakawhāiti ana i te iahiko poto-ara iahiko ki te iti rawa, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i te ārai rīpene parahi. Ka tukatukahia e ngā wheketere taura ngā rīpene parahi mārō kua hokona mā te tapahi me te whakamahana kia tutuki ai te roa me te kaha kume (ka rakuraku te paparanga ārai whakamarumaru ina tino mārō, ka miro te ngohengohe) i mua i te whakamahinga. Me tutuki ngā rīpene parahi ngohengohe ki te GB/T11091-2005 Rīpene Parahi mō ngā Taura.
Me hanga te parepare rīpene parahi ki te paparanga kotahi o te rīpene parahi ngohengohe e taupokina ana, ki ngā paparanga e rua rānei o te rīpene parahi ngohengohe kua takai porowhita me ngā āputa. Ko te tere taupoki toharite o te rīpene parahi me 15% o tōna whānui (uara ingoa), ā, kaua te tere taupoki iti rawa e iti iho i te 5%. Ko te matotoru ingoa o te rīpene parahi me 0.12 mm te iti rawa mō ngā taura matua-kotahi, me 0.10 mm te iti rawa mō ngā taura matua-maha. Kaua te matotoru iti rawa o te rīpene parahi me iti iho i te 90% o te uara ingoa. I runga i te diameter o waho o te parepare whakamarumaru (≤25 mm, >25 mm rānei), ko te whānui o te rīpene parahi he 30–35 mm te nuinga.
Ko te ārai waea parahi he mea hanga mai i ngā waea parahi ngohengohe kua takaihia ki te porowhita, he mea here ki te takai porowhita-whakamuri o ngā waea parahi, ki ngā rīpene parahi rānei. Me tutuki tōna ātete ki ngā whakaritenga o GB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, ā, me whakatau tōna horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga i runga i te kaha o te iahiko hapa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te ārai waea parahi ki runga i te uhi o roto o ngā taura matua-toru, ki runga tika rānei i te whakamarumaru, te paparanga ārai haurua-arahi o waho, i te uhi o roto tika rānei o ngā taura matua-kotahi. Kaua te āputa toharite i waenga i ngā waea parahi tata e neke atu i te 4 mm. Ka tatauhia te āputa toharite G mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
kei hea:
D – te diameter o te matua taura i raro i te parenga waea parahi, i roto i te mm;
d – te whānui o te waea parahi, i roto i te mm;
n – te maha o ngā waea parahi.
2. Te Tūranga o ngā Paparanga Ārai me tō rātou Hononga ki ngā Taumata Ngaohiko
(1) Te Tūranga o te Parenga Ā-Arahi ā-Roto, ā-Waho hoki
Ko ngā taura kawe hiko ka whakakīia i ngā waea maha e piri ana. I te wā e whakaputa ana i te whakamarumaru, tera pea ka puta he āputa, he kohao, me ētahi atu āhua rerekē o te mata i waenganui i te mata o te taura kawe hiko me te paparanga whakamarumaru, ka puta he kukū o te papa hiko, ka puta he rerenga āputa hau ā-rohe me te rerenga rākau, ā, ka whakaiti i te mahi hiko-kore. Mā te whakaputa i tētahi paparanga rauemi haurua-kawe hiko (te ārai arataki) ki runga i te mata o te taura kawe hiko, ka whakarite kia piri te hononga ki te whakamarumaru. Nā te mea he rite te kaha o te paparanga haurua-kawe hiko me te taura kawe hiko, ahakoa he āputa i waenganui i a rātou, kāore he mahi a te papa hiko, ā, ka ārai i ngā rerenga ā-wāhanga.
Waihoki, he āputa kei waenganui i te mata ārai o waho me te uhi whakarewa (te ārai whakarewa rānei), ā, ki te teitei ake te taumata ngaohiko, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta he rerenga āputa hau. Mā te whakaputa i tētahi paparanga haurua-arataki (ārai ārai) ki runga i te mata ārai o waho, ka hangaia he mata ōrite o waho me te uhi whakarewa, ka whakakore i ngā mara hiko i roto i ngā āputa, ka ārai hoki i ngā rerenga ā-wāhanga.
(2) Te Tūranga o te Parenga Whakarewa
Ko ngā mahi a te ārai whakarewa ko: te kawe i te iahiko kaha i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, te mahi hei ara mō te iahiko poto i ngā wā hapa; te whakawhāiti i te papa hiko i roto i te ārai (te whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko o waho) me te whakarite i te papa hiko radial ōrite; te mahi hei raina kūpapa i roto i ngā pūnaha waea-whā-wāhanga-toru hei kawe i te iahiko kore taurite; me te whakarato i te tiakitanga aukati wai radial.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-28-2025