1 Kupu Whakataki
Hei whakarite i te hiri roa o ngā taura muka whatu, hei ārai hoki i te wai me te makuku kei uru ki roto i te taura, i te pouaka hononga rānei, ka waikura ai te konganuku me te muka, ka hua ake he kino o te hauwai, he whati te muka, ā, ka heke tere te mahi ārai hiko, ko ēnei tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ārai i te wai me te makuku:
1) Te whakakī i te roto o te taura ki te hinu thixotropic, tae atu ki te momo ātete-wai (hydrophobic), te momo pupuhi wai me te momo whakawhānui wera me ētahi atu. He momo rauemi hinuhinu tēnei momo rauemi, he nui te whakakī, he nui te utu, he ngāwari ki te whakapoke i te taiao, he uaua ki te horoi (ina koa i te hononga taura ki te whakarewa hei horoi), ā, he taumaha rawa te taumaha o te taura.
2) I roto i te anga o roto, o waho hoki i waenganui i te whakamahinga o te mowhiti arai wai piripiri wera, he koretake tēnei tikanga, he uaua te tukanga, he torutoru noa iho ngā kaihanga ka taea te whakatutuki. 3) Te whakamahinga o te whakawhanui maroke o ngā rauemi ārai wai (paura whakawhanui mimiti wai, rīpene ārai wai, me ētahi atu). Me whakamahi hangarau teitei tēnei tikanga, he nui te whakamahinga rauemi, he nui te utu, he taumaha rawa hoki te taumaha o te taura. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakauruhia te hanganga "matua maroke" ki roto i te taura whatu, ā, kua whakamahia pai ki tāwāhi, inā koa ki te whakaoti rapanga o te taumaha-ake taumaha me te uaua o te tukanga honohono o te maha o ngā matua o te taura whatu he painga kore e taea te whakataurite. Ko te rauemi ārai wai e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei taura "matua maroke" ko te miro ārai wai. Ka taea e te miro ārai wai te mimiti tere i te wai me te pupuhi hei hanga i te kirikiri, ka ārai i te wāhi o te awa wai o te taura, ā, ka tutuki te kaupapa o te ārai wai. Hei tāpiri, kāore he matū hinuhinu i roto i te miro ārai wai, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i te honohono me te kore e hiahiatia he horoi, he whakarewa me he horoi. Hei whakatutuki i tētahi tukanga māmā, he hanganga watea, he mahi pono, me ngā rauemi aukati-wai iti te utu, i whakawhanakehia e mātou tētahi momo miro pupuhi ka taea te aukati-wai i te taura whatu.
2 Te kaupapa ārai wai me ngā āhuatanga o te miro ārai wai
Ko te mahi ārai-wai o te miro ārai-wai ko te whakamahi i te tinana matua o ngā muka miro ārai-wai hei hanga i te nui o te tiēre (ka taea e te mimiti wai te tae ki ngā tekau ngā wā o tōna ake rahinga, pērā i te meneti tuatahi o te wai ka taea te whakawhānui tere mai i te 0.5mm ki te 5.0mm te whānui), ā, he tino kaha te kaha pupuri wai o te tiēre, ka taea te aukati i te tipu o te rākau wai, ā, ka ārai i te wai kei haere tonu te uru me te horapa, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te ātete wai. I te mea me tu atu te taura muka whatu ki ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē i te wā hanga, whakamātautau, kawe, rokiroki me te whakamahi, me whai i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei te miro ārai-wai hei whakamahi i roto i te taura muka whatu:
1) He āhua ma, he matotoru ōrite, he kakano ngohengohe;
2) He kaha ā-pūkaha hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kume i te wā e hanga ana i te taura;
3) te pupuhi tere, te pumau matū pai me te kaha teitei mō te mimiti wai me te hanganga tiēre;
4) He pai te pumau matū, kāore he wāhanga waikura, ātete ki te huakita me te pokepokea ai;
5) He pai te pumau o te wera, he pai te ātete ki te huarere, he urutau ki ngā momo tukatuka me te whakaputa i muri mai me ngā momo taiao whakamahinga;
6) He hototahi pai ki ētahi atu rauemi o te taura muka whatu.
3 Miro ātete-wai i roto i te tono o te taura muka whatu
3.1 Te whakamahinga o ngā miro ātete-wai i roto i ngā taura muka whatu
Ka taea e ngā kaihanga taura muka whatu te whakamahi i ngā hanganga taura rerekē i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga tūturu me ngā whakaritenga a ngā kaiwhakamahi:
1) Te ārai wai roa o te uhi o waho me ngā miro ārai-wai
I roto i te whakapuru rīpene maitai miro, me ārai te uhi o waho i te wai kia kore ai te makuku me te haumākū e uru ki te taura, ki te pouaka hononga rānei. Hei whakatutuki i te ārai wai roa o te uhi o waho, e rua ngā miro ārai wai e whakamahia ana, ko tētahi ka whakatakotoria whakarara ki te matua taura o roto o te uhi, ā, ko tētahi ka takai ki te matua taura i tētahi teitei (8 ki te 15 cm), ka hipokina ki te rīpene maitai miro me te PE (polyethylene), kia wehewehea ai e te miro ārai wai te āputa i waenga i te matua taura me te rīpene maitai ki roto i tētahi wāhanga iti kua kati. Ka pupuhi te miro ārai wai, ka hanga he kirikiri i roto i te wā poto, ka ārai i te wai kia uru ki te taura, ka whakawhāiti i te wai ki ētahi wāhanga iti e tata ana ki te pūwāhi hapa, ā, ka tutuki ai te kaupapa o te ārai wai roa, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1.
Pikitia 1: Te whakamahinga noa o te miro ārai wai i roto i te taura whatu
2) Te ārai wai roa o te matua taura me ngā miro ārai-waiKa taea te whakamahi i roto i te matua taura o ngā wāhanga e rua o te miro ārai-wai, ko tētahi kei roto i te matua taura o te waea maitai whakapakari, e rua ngā miro ārai-wai e whakamahia ana, ko te tikanga he miro ārai-wai me te waea maitai whakapakari ka whakanohoia kia whakarara, ko tētahi atu miro ārai-wai ka takai ki te waea ki te tawhiti nui ake, e rua anō hoki ngā miro ārai-wai me te waea maitai whakapakari ka whakanohoia kia whakarara, ka whakamahia te miro ārai-wai o te kaha whakawhānui kaha hei ārai i te wai; ko te tuarua kei roto i te mata o te anga wetewete, i mua i te pēhi i te takotoranga o roto, ka whakamahia te miro ārai-wai hei miro here, ko ngā miro ārai-wai e rua ka waiho ki te tawhiti iti ake (1 ~ 2cm) ki te taha ke, ka hangaia he ipu ārai matotoru me te iti, hei ārai i te urunga o te wai, ka hangaia he hanganga "matua taura maroke".
3.2 Te kōwhiringa o ngā miro ātete wai
Hei whakatutuki i te ātete wai pai me te mahi tukatuka miihini pai i roto i te tukanga hanga taura muka whatu, me mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te miro ātete wai:
1) Te matotoru o te miro ārai-wai
Hei whakarite kia taea e te whānui o te miro ārai-wai te whakakī i te āputa i te whakawhiti-wāhanga o te taura, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te matotoru o te miro ārai-wai, he pono, e pā ana tēnei ki te rahi o te hanganga o te taura me te tere whānui o te miro ārai-wai. I roto i te hanganga taura me whakaiti te noho o ngā āputa, pērā i te whakamahi i te tere whānui teitei o te miro ārai-wai, kātahi ka taea te whakaiti i te diameter o te miro ārai-wai ki te iti rawa, kia taea ai e koe te whiwhi mahi ārai-wai pono, engari hei penapena utu hoki.
2) Te tere pupuhi me te kaha o te miro ārai-wai
Ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau urunga wai IEC794-1-F5B ki te wāhanga katoa o te taura muka whatu. Ka tāpirihia he 1m o te pou wai ki tētahi tauira 3m o te taura muka whatu, ā, ka tohua mō te 24 hāora, kāore he turuturu. Mena kāore te tere pupuhi o te miro ārai-wai e rite ki te tere urunga wai, tera pea kua puta te wai i roto i te tauira i roto i ētahi meneti i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau, ā, kāore anō kia tino pupuhi te miro ārai-wai, ahakoa i muri i tētahi wā ka tino pupuhi te miro ārai-wai, ka ārai i te wai, engari he hapa anō hoki tēnei. Mena he tere ake te tere whakawhānui, ā, kāore i te rawaka te kaha o te ira, kāore e ranea hei ātete i te pēhanga i hangaia e te pou wai 1m, ā, ka kore hoki te aukati wai.
3) Te ngawari o te miro ārai-wai
I te mea ka pā te ngawari o te miro ārai-wai ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te taura, inā koa te pēhanga taha, te ātete pānga, me ētahi atu, ka kitea ake te pānga, nō reira me ngana ki te whakamahi i te miro ārai-wai ngohengohe ake.
4) Te kaha kume, te roa me te roa o te miro ārai-wai
I te hanga o ia roa o te paepae taura, me mau tonu te miro ārai-wai, ā, me kore e mutu te mahi. Me whai kaha kume me te roa te miro ārai-wai. Kia kore ai e kumea te miro ārai-wai i te wā hanga. Kia kore ai e pakaru te taura mēnā ka totoro, ka piko, ka takai rānei te miro ārai-wai. Ko te roa o te miro ārai-wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te roa o te paepae taura. Kia kore ai e maha ngā wā e whakawhitia ai te miro i te hanga tonu, ko te roa o te miro ārai-wai te mea pai.
5) Me noho kūpapa te waikawa me te kawakore o te miro ārai-wai, ki te kore ka tauhohe te miro ārai-wai ki te rauemi taura, ā, ka puta he hauwai.
6) Te pumau o ngā miro ārai-wai
Ripanga 2: Te whakataurite i te hanganga ārai-wai o ngā miro ārai-wai me ētahi atu rauemi ārai-wai
| Whakatauritehia ngā tūemi | Whakakī tiēre | Mowhiti aukati wai rewa wera | Rīpene aukati wai | Miro ārai wai |
| Ātete wai | Pai | Pai | Pai | Pai |
| Te āheinga tukatuka | Ngāwari | He uaua | He uaua ake | Ngāwari |
| Ngā āhuatanga miihini | Tohunga | Tohunga | Tohunga | Tohunga |
| Te pono mō te wā roa | Pai | Pai | Pai | Pai |
| Te kaha here o te hipoki | Tika | Pai | Tika | Pai |
| Mōrearea hononga | Āe | No | No | No |
| Ngā pānga waikura | Āe | No | No | No |
| Kaiwhakarewa | Āe | No | No | No |
| Taumaha mō ia roa o te taura muka whatu | Taumaha | Mārama | Taumaha ake | Mārama |
| Te rere o ngā rauemi kāore e hiahiatia | Ka taea | No | No | No |
| Te horoi i te wā whakaputa | rawakore | He rawakore ake | Pai | Pai |
| Te whakahaere rauemi | Ngā pahu rino taumaha | Ngāwari | Ngāwari | Ngāwari |
| Te haumi ki ngā taputapu | Nui | Nui | Nui ake | Iti |
| Te utu rauemi | Teitei ake | Iti | Teitei ake | I raro |
| Ngā utu whakaputa | Teitei ake | Teitei ake | Teitei ake | I raro |
Ko te pumau o ngā miro ārai-wai e inehia ana e te pumau poto me te pumau roa. Ko te pumau poto e whakaarohia ana ko te pikinga o te pāmahana poto (te pāmahana tukanga o te uhi whakaputa tae atu ki te 220 ~ 240 °C) i runga i ngā āhuatanga ārai-wai o te miro ārai-wai me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te pānga; ko te pumau roa, e whakaarohia ana ko te pakeketanga o te tere whakawhānui o te miro ārai-wai, te tere whakawhānui, te kaha me te pumau o te tiēre, te kaha kume me te roa o te pānga, me noho te miro ārai-wai i roto i te oranga katoa o te taura (20 ~ 30 tau) he ātete-wai. He rite ki te hinu ārai-wai me te rīpene ārai-wai, ko te kaha me te pumau o te tiēre o te miro ārai-wai he āhuatanga nui. Ka taea e te miro ārai-wai he kaha tiēre teitei me te pumau pai te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga ārai-wai pai mō te wā roa. I tetahi atu taha, e ai ki ngā paerewa ā-motu o Tiamana e tika ana, ko ētahi rauemi i raro i ngā tikanga waikura, ka pirau te tiēre hei rauemi taumaha ngota iti tino nekeneke, ā, e kore e tutuki i te kaupapa o te ātete-wai mo te wā roa.
3.3 Te whakamahi i ngā miro ārai-wai
Ko te miro ārai-wai hei rauemi ārai-wai pai rawa atu mō te taura whatu, kei te whakakapi i te whakapiri hinu, te mowhiti ārai-wai piri rewa wera me te rīpene ārai-wai, me ētahi atu. e whakamahia ana i roto i te nui o te rahinga i roto i te hanga taura whatu, Ripanga 2 mō ētahi o ngā āhuatanga o ēnei rauemi ārai-wai hei whakataurite.
4 Whakamutunga
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he rauemi ārai-wai pai rawa atu te miro ārai-wai e tika ana mō te taura whatu, he ngāwari te hanga, he pono te mahi, he pai te whakaputa, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi; ā, ko ngā painga o te whakamahinga o te rauemi e whakakī ana i te taura whatu ko te mama, te pono te mahi, me te iti o te utu.
Wā tuku: Hurae-16-2022