Ko ngā wāhanga hanganga o ngā hua waea me te taura ka taea te wehewehe kia whā ngā wāhanga hanganga matua: ngā ara iahiko, ngā paparanga whakamarumaru, ngā paparanga ārai me ngā hipoki, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga whakakī me ngā wāhanga kume, me ētahi atu. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga tono o ngā hua, he tino māmā ngā hanganga o ētahi hua, kotahi anake te wāhanga hanganga, ko te waea, pērā i ngā waea tahanga o runga, ngā waea catenary, ngā pae pahi parahi-konumohe (pae pahi), me ētahi atu. Ka whakapūmautia te whakamarumaru hiko o waho o ēnei hua mā te whakamahi i ngā ārai me te tawhiti ā-wāhi i te wā tāutanga me te whakatakotoranga (arā, mā te whakamahi i te whakamarumaru hau).
Ko te nuinga o ngā hua waea me te taura he rite tonu te āhua o te wāhanga whakawhiti (me te kore e aro ki ngā hapa hanga) ā, he rite tonu te āhua ki ngā rīpene roa. Ka whakatauhia tēnei e te āhuatanga e whakamahia ana hei hanga ara iahiko, hei koiri rānei i roto i ngā pūnaha, i ngā taputapu rānei. Nō reira, i te wā e ako ana, e tātari ana hoki i te hanganga hanganga o ngā hua taura, me mātakitaki noa iho, me tātari hoki mai i ō rātou wāhanga whakawhiti.
Koinei te tātaritanga taipitopito o te hanganga taura me ngā rauemi taura:
1. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Kaiārahi
Ko ngā waea ngā wāhanga matua tino taketake, tino nui hoki mō ngā hua hei kawe i ngā mōhiohio o te iahiko, o te ngaru hiko rānei. Ko te waea te whakarāpopototanga o te conductive core.
He aha ngā rauemi kei roto i ngā kaiārahi taura? Ko ngā rauemi o ngā kaiārahi he mea hanga i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous me te kawe hiko pai rawa atu pērā i te parahi me te konumohe. Ko ngā taura whatu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu kua tere te whanaketanga i roto i ngā tekau tau e toru kua pahure ake nei, e whakamahi ana i ngā muka whatu hei kaiārahi.
2. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Paparanga whakamarumaru
Ko te paparanga ārai he wāhanga e kapi ana i te taha o te waea, ā, he ārai hiko hoki. Arā, ka taea e ia te whakarite kia haere noa te iahiko e tukuna ana, ngā ngaru hikohiko rānei, ngā ngaru mārama i te waea, ā, kāore e rere ki waho. Ka taea te wehe i te pūmanawa kei runga i te kaiārahi (arā, te rerekētanga pūmanawa i hangaia ki ngā mea e karapoti ana, arā, te ngaohiko). Arā, me whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi tuku noa o te waea me te haumaru o ngā mea o waho me ngā tāngata. Ko ngā waea me ngā paparanga ārai ngā wāhanga matua e rua me noho hei hanga i ngā hua taura (haunga ngā waea tahanga).
He aha ngā rauemi whakamarumaru taura: I roto i ngā waea me ngā taura o ēnei rā, e rua ngā wāhanga matua o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru taura: te kirihou me te rapa. Ko ngā rauemi polymer te mea matua, ā, he maha ngā momo hua waea me te taura e tika ana mō ngā whakamahinga rerekē me ngā whakaritenga taiao. Ko ngā rauemi whakamarumaru noa mō ngā waea me ngā taura ko te polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene hono-whiti (XLPE), ngā kirihou fluoro, ngā matū rapa, ngā matū rapa ethylene propylene, me ngā rauemi whakamahana rapa silicone.
3. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Te hipoki
Ina tāutahia, ā, ka whakahaerehia ngā hua waea me ngā taura i roto i ngā taiao rerekē, me whai wāhanga hei tiaki i te hua katoa, inā koa te paparanga whakamarumaru. Koinei te hipoki. Nā te mea me whai āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko pai rawa atu ngā rauemi whakamarumaru, me tono kia tino teitei te parakore me te iti rawa te poke o ngā rauemi. He maha ngā wā, kāore e taea te whakaaro ki tōna kaha tiaki i te ao o waho. Nō reira, me whai kawenga ngā hanganga tiaki maha ki te tu atu, ki te ātete rānei i ngā kaha miihini mai i waho (arā, te tāutanga, te wāhi whakamahi me te wā e whakamahia ana), te ātete ki te taiao hau, te ātete ki ngā matū, ki ngā hinu rānei, te ārai i te kino koiora, me te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga ahi. Ko ngā mahi matua o ngā hipoki taura ko te ārai wai, te ātete mura, te ātete ahi me te ārai waikura. He maha ngā hua taura i hangaia mō ngā taiao o waho pai (pēnei i ngā taiao ma, maroke, me roto kāore he kaha miihini o waho), ko ērā rānei he rauemi whakamarumaru kei a rātou te kaha miihini me te ātete huarere, ka taea te mahi me te kore he wāhanga paparanga tiaki.
He aha ngā momo rauemi hipoki taura kei reira? Ko ngā rauemi hipoki taura matua ko te rapa, te kirihou, te paninga, te silicone, me ngā momo hua muka, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te paparanga tiaki rapa me te kirihou ko te ngawari me te māmā, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taura pūkoro. Heoi, nā te mea he iti te uruhanga wai o ngā rauemi rapa me te kirihou, ka taea anake te whakamahi ina whakamahia ngā rauemi polymer teitei me te ātete makuku teitei hei whakamarumaru taura. Kātahi ka pātai ētahi kaiwhakamahi he aha te kirihou e whakamahia ai hei paparanga tiaki i te mākete? Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā hipoki kirihou, he nui ake te ngāwari me te ngāwari o ngā hipoki rapa, he ātete ake ki te koroheketanga, engari he uaua ake te tukanga hanga. He pai ake ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete wai o ngā hipoki kirihou, ā, he nui ngā rauemi, he iti te utu, ā, he ngāwari ki te tukatuka. Nō reira, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i te mākete. Me mōhio e ngā hoa ahumahi he momo hipoki whakarewa anō. Ehara i te mea he mahi tiaki miihini anake ngā hipoki whakarewa engari he mahi tiaki anō hoki kua whakahuatia i raro nei. He āhuatanga anō hoki ō rātou pērā i te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha ki te pēhi me te kume, me te ātete ki te wai, ka ārai i te makuku me ētahi atu matū kino kei uru ki roto i te taura whakamahana. Nō reira, he whānuitia te whakamahinga hei hipoki mō ngā taura hiko kua whakamahanatia ki te pepa kua whakakiia ki te hinu, engari he iti te ātete ki te makuku.
4. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Paparanga ārai
He wāhanga matua te paparanga ārai i roto i ngā hua taura hei whakatutuki i te wehenga o te mara hikohiko. E kore e taea anake te ārai i ngā tohu hikohiko ā-roto kei turuturu mai, kei pokanoa ki ngā taputapu o waho, ki ngā mita, ki ētahi atu raina rānei, engari ka ārai hoki i ngā ngaru hikohiko o waho kei uru ki te pūnaha taura mā te hononga. I roto i te hanganga, kāore te paparanga ārai i te mea kei waho noa iho o te taura engari kei waenganui i ngā takirua, i ngā rōpū waea rānei i roto i ngā taura maha-matua, ka hanga he "ārai wehenga hikohiko" maha-taumata. I ngā tau tata nei, me te piki haere o ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taura whakawhitiwhiti auau-teitei me te ārai-pokanoa, kua whanake ngā rauemi ārai mai i ngā pepa whakarewa tuku iho me ngā rīpene pepa haurua-ira ki ngā rauemi hiato matatau ake pēnei i terīpene mylar pepa konumohe, ngā rīpene mylar konumohe parahi, me ngā rīpene parahi. Ko ngā hanganga parepare noa ko ngā paparanga parepare o roto i hangaia mai i ngā polymer kawe hiko, ngā rīpene haurua-kawe hiko rānei, me ngā paparanga parepare o waho pērā i te takai roa o te rīpene parahi me te mata parahi whiri. I roto i ēnei, ko te paparanga whiri e whakamahi ana i te parahi whakakikoruatia ki te tine hei whakarei ake i te ātete ki te waikura. Mō ngā horopaki tono motuhake, pērā i ngā taura auau-rerekē e whakamahi ana i te rīpene parahi + te parepare hiato waea parahi, ngā taura raraunga e whakamahi ana i te takai roa o te konumohe konumohe + te hoahoa whakangāwari, me ngā taura hauora e hiahia ana ki ngā paparanga whiri parahi whakakikoruatia ki te hiriwa teitei. I te taenga mai o te wā 5G, ko te hanganga parepare ranu o te rīpene hiato konumohe-kirihou me te raranga waea parahi whakakikoruatia ki te tine kua noho hei otinga matua mō ngā taura auau-teitei. E whakaatu ana ngā mahi ahumahi kua whanake te paparanga parepare mai i te hanganga tāpiri ki te wāhanga matua motuhake o te taura. Me whai whakaaro whānui te kōwhiringa rauemi mōna ki ngā āhuatanga auau, te mahi piko me ngā āhuatanga utu hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hototahi hikohiko o ngā horopaki tono rerekē.
5. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Hanganga kua whakakīia
He maha ngā hua waea me ngā taura he maha-matua. Hei tauira, ko te nuinga o ngā taura hiko iti-ngaohiko he taura matua-whā, he taura matua-rima rānei (e tika ana mō ngā pūnaha toru-wāhanga), ā, ko ngā taura waea tāone he 800 takirua, 1200 takirua, 2400 takirua ki te 3600 takirua. I muri i te taura i ēnei matua waea, takirua rānei kua whakamahanatia (te taura rānei i roto i ngā rōpū maha), e rua ngā raruraru: ko tētahi he kore porowhita te āhua, ko tētahi he nui ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā matua waea kua whakamahanatia. Nō reira, me tāpiri he hanganga whakakī i te wā e taura ana. Ko te hanganga whakakī kia porowhita te diameter o waho o te taura, he mea e pai ana mō te takai me te whakaputa i te hipoki, ā, kia pumau hoki te hanganga taura, kia kaha hoki te roto. I te wā e whakamahia ana (i te wā e totoro ana, e pēhi ana, e piko ana i te wā e hanga ana me te whakatakoto ana), ka tukuna te kaha kia ōrite me te kore e pakaru te hanganga o roto o te taura. Nō reira, ahakoa he hanganga āwhina te hanganga whakakī, he mea tika hoki, ā, he ture taipitopito mō te whiriwhiri rauemi me te hoahoa āhua.
Ngā rauemi whakakī taura: Ko te tikanga, ko ngā whakakī mō ngā taura ko te rīpene polypropylene, te taura PP kore-whatu, te taura hemp, ngā rauemi iti te utu rānei i hangaia mai i te rapa hangarua. Hei whakamahi hei rauemi whakakī taura, me whai āhuatanga pēnei i te kore e pā kino ki te matua taura kua whakamahanatia, te kore e waikura i a ia anō, te kore e ngawari ki te mimiti, te kore hoki e waikura.
6. Te hanganga o te hanganga taura: Ngā huānga kume
Ko ngā hua waea me ngā taura tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki te paparanga pukupuku o te takotoranga hei ātete i ngā kaha kume o waho, i ngā kaha kume rānei i puta mai i tō rātou ake taumaha. Ko ngā hanganga noa ko te whitiki rino me te whitiki waea rino (hei tauira, mō ngā taura ruku wai, ka whakamahia ngā waea rino matotoru he 8mm te whānui, ka mirohia hei hanga i te paparanga pukupuku). Heoi, hei tiaki i ngā muka whatu mai i ngā kaha kume iti, me te ārai i te whakarerekētanga iti o ngā muka ka pā ki te mahi tuku, kua rite te hanganga taura muka whatu ki te whakakikorua tuatahi me te tuarua me ngā wāhanga kaha kume motuhake. Hei tāpiri, ki te whakamahi te taura paneoro o te waea pūkoro i tētahi hanganga e takai ana te waea parahi pai, te rīpene parahi angiangi rānei ki ngā miro muka hangai, ā, ka puta he paparanga ārai ki waho, ko tēnei miro muka hangai te huānga kume. Hei whakamutunga, i roto i ngā hua motuhake, iti, me te ngāwari i whakawhanakehia i ngā tau tata nei e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi piko me te miro maha, he mahi nui tā ngā huānga kume.
He aha ngā rauemi kei roto mō ngā wāhanga kume taura: ngā rīpene maitai, ngā waea maitai, me ngā pepa whakarewa maitai kore waikura
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-25-2025